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Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences)

Atomic transitions of Cs D2 line in strong transverse magnetic fields

Armen D. Sargsyan, G. Hakhumyan, A. Amiryan, Claude Leroy, H. S. Sarkisyan, David G. Sarkisyan

Published Oct 1, 2015• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Atomic transitions of D 2 line of Cs atoms in strong transverse magnetic fields up to 7 kG with the high spectral resolution were studied for the first time. The λ/2 method based on the nanocell with the half-wavelength thickness L = λ/2 = 426 nm is used, which allows one to trace the behavior of each of the individual atomic transitions. When the laser radiation has the linear π polarization and magnetic fields B is more than 5 kG, only 16 atomic transitions, which have almost the same amplitudes, remain in the absorption spectrum (at lower fields there are 56 transitions). There is a good agreement between the experiment and the theory.

DOI
10.3103/s1068337215040040

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Журнал технической физики•Jan 1, 2020•0 citations
Atomic transitions of D 2 line of Cs atoms in strong transverse magnetic fields up to 7 kG with the high spectral resolution were studied for the first time. The λ/2 method based on the nanocell with the half-wavelength thickness L = λ/2 = 426 nm is used, which allows one to trace the behavior of each of the individual atomic transitions. When the laser radiation has the linear π polarization and magnetic fields B is more than 5 kG, only 16 atomic transitions, which have almost the same amplitudes, remain in the absorption spectrum (at lower fields there are 56 transitions). There is a good agreement between the experiment and the theory.
Atomic transitions of 85Rb and 87Rb isotopes in a strong transverse magnetic field with induction of up to 7 kG have been studied experimentally. High spectral resolution is achieved owing to the application of the linear Doppler-free spectroscopy method to a nanometric thin cell with the thickness of L = λ/2 = 390 nm, where λ is the wavelength of laser emission tuned to the resonance with the Rb D 2-line (λ/2-method). It has been observed that the number of atomic transitions in the transmission spectrum of linearly polarized (π) radiation decreases from 64 down to 20 transitions as the field strength increases above B > 5 kG. Four atomic transitions (two of 85Rb and two of 87Rb), which are forbidden in the absence of magnetic field, acquire significant strength in the strong magnetic field. Experimental results are in a good agreement with theory. Several practical applications of alkali-vapor-filled nanometric thin cells have been proposed.
It has been shown that the D 1 line of atomic vapors of alkali metals excited by π-polarized radiation in a strong transverse magnetic field includes specific “guiding” (indicating) atomic transitions between the magnetic sublevels of the hyperfine structure. The dependence of the frequency shift of the guiding transitions on the magnetic field, as well as on their dipole moments, is asymptotic for all other transitions. An experiment with a nanocell with Rb vapor with a thickness of half the wavelength (λ/2 method) for ensuring a sub-Doppler spectral resolution has completely confirmed the presence of guiding transitions. Two groups of six transitions for 85 Rb and two groups of four transitions for 87 Rb have been detected in the absorption spectra in magnetic fields above 4 kG. A guiding transition has been identified in each of four groups. Four transitions forbidden at B = 0 have been also detected; with an increase in the magnetic field, their probabilities also approach the probabilities of the guiding transitions.
Abstract Two types of magnetically induced (MI) transitions in cesium atoms were studied experimentally and theoretically. The MI transitions are forbidden in the absence of magnetic field. Probabilities of MI transitions rapidly grow with increase in magnetic field and can exceed those of transitions allowed in the absence of magnetic field. Asymptotic behavior of probabilities of MI transitions in strong magnetic fields is different. In the case of magnetically induced transitions of the first type (MI1), transition probabilities experience giant increase with increase in the applied magnetic field, and with a further increase of the magnetic field, the probabilities of these transitions tend to asymptotic large value. Probabilities of magnetically induced transitions of the second type (MI2) also experience giant increase with increase in the applied magnetic field. However, probabilities of such transitions tend to zero again with further increase in the magnetic field. It is demonstrated that measurement of the second derivative (SD) of absorption spectra of Cs vapor contained in a nanocell with thickness L = 426 nm corresponding to half the wavelength of the D2 line of cesium (λ = 852 nm) enables conducting Doppler-free spectroscopy. Narrow width of atomic lines and linear relation between the SD signal amplitudes and transition probabilities allows studying individual atomic transitions in an external transverse magnetic field with induction varying from 0.5 to 5.3 kG. In particular, four MI transitions were studied: two MI1 and two MI2 ones. Theoretical calculations agree well with the experimental results.
The impact of the optical field polarization on the spectrum of magnetically-induced transitions, a class of transitions forbidden at zero magnetic field, is studied with a weak-probe sub-Doppler technique. The high spectral resolution of the technique combined with the simplicity in interpreting the observed spectra allows to follow the behavior of individual transitions as a function of the magnetic field amplitude. We observe only one intense transition (out of 2 F g + 1 , where F is the quantum number associated with the total angular momentum of the atom) in the case of π -polarized laser radiation (a configuration where the applied magnetic field is parallel to the electric field from the laser radiation) in the F g → F g + 2 manifolds of 85 Rb, 87 Rb and 133 Cs for fields above a few hundreds of gauss. We show that this behavior is in agreement with a model based on the diagonalization of the Zeeman Hamiltonian matrix. With the rapid development of micro-machined vapor-cell-based sensors, these results will be of use to magnetometers operating above Earth field, wide-range laser frequency stabilization systems and atomic Faraday filters. • Magnetically-induced transitions of Rb and Cs D2 lines are studied with π -polarization. • An anomalous behavior of magnetically-induced transition intensities is observed. • These features are studied with a high spectral resolution technique based on nanocell. • Observed features, well described by theory, are expected for all other alkali transitions.
Transitions F e − F g = Δ F = ±2 between the excited and ground levels of the hyperfine structure of the Cs D 2 atomic line in an external magnetic field of 300–3000 G have been studied for the first time with the use of σ + and σ − circularly polarized radiation. Selection rules forbid these transitions in zero magnetic field. At the same time, the probabilities of these transitions in a magnetic field increase significantly; for this reason, we refer to these transitions as magnetically induced transitions. The following rule has been found for the intensities of 24 magnetically induced F g = 3 → F e = 5 and F g = 4 → F e = 2 transitions: the intensities of magnetically induced transitions with Δ F = +2 are maximal (the number of such magnetically induced transitions is also maximal) in the case of σ + polarized radiation, whereas the intensities of magnetically induced transitions with Δ F = −2 are maximal (the number of such transitions is also maximal) in the case of σ − σ + and σ − polarized radiation can reach several orders of magnitude; i.e., anomalous circular dichroism is observed. For an experimental test, absorption spectra of a Cs-filled nanocell with the thickness equal to half the wavelength of resonant laser radiation = 852 nm have been analyzed in order to separately detect magnetically induced transitions. The experiment is in good agreement with the theory. Possible applications have been discussed.
Two types of magnetically induced transitions (MI transitions) in cesium atoms have been studied experimentally and theoretically. In the absence of a magnetic field MI, transitions are forbidden. As the magnetic field increases, the probabilities of MI transitions grow rapidly and can exceed the probabilities of transitions allowed in the absence of a magnetic field. The asymptotic behavior of the probabilities of MI transitions in strong magnetic fields is different. In the case of magnetically-induced transitions of the first type (MI1), with an increase in the applied magnetic field, the probability of these transitions increases enormously, and with a further increase in the magnetic field, the probabilities of these transitions tend to a constant value. In the case of magnetically induced transitions of the second type (MI2), with an increase in the applied magnetic field, there is also a giant increase in the probability of these transitions; however, with a further increase in the field, the probabilities of these transitions again tend to zero. It is shown that measuring the second derivative (SD) of the absorption spectra of Cs vapors enclosed in a nanocell with a thickness of L = 426 nm, corresponding to half the wavelength of the D2 line of cesium λ = 852 nm, allows one to perform Doppler-free spectroscopy. The small width of atomic lines and the linearity of the SD signal response in accordance with the transition probabilities make it possible to study individual atomic transitions in an external transverse magnetic field with an inductance of 0.5 to 5.3 kG. In particular, four MI transitions were investigated: two MI1 and two MI2. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results