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Frontiers in Optics

Creating spin cat states in Bose-Einstein condensates

Hon Wai Lau, Zachary Dutton, Tian Wang, Christoph Simon

Published Jan 1, 2014• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a method to create spin cat states in a two-component Bose-Einstein Condensates. We show that cat size with hundreds of atoms is possible due to the low atom loss, even with experimental imperfection.
DOI
10.1364/ls.2014.lth1i.6

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We propose a method to create "spin cat states," i.e., macroscopic superpositions of coherent spin states, in Bose-Einstein condensates using the Kerr nonlinearity due to atomic collisions. Based on a detailed study of atom loss, we conclude that cat sizes of hundreds of atoms should be realistic. The existence of the spin cat states can be demonstrated by optical readout. Our analysis also includes the effects of higher-order nonlinearities, atom number fluctuations, and limited readout efficiency.
We study the possibility to create many-particle Schrödinger cat-like states by using a Feshbach resonance to reverse the sign of the scattering length of a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a double-well potential. To address the issue of experimental verification of coherence in the cat-like state, we study the revival of the initial condensate state in the presence of environmentally-induced decoherence. As a source of decoherence, we consider the interaction between the atoms and the electromagnetic vacuum, due to the polarization induced by an incident laser field. We find that the resulting decoherence is directly related to the rate at which spontaneously scattered photons carry away sufficient information to distinguish between the two atom-distributions which make-up the cat state. We show that for a 'perfect' cat-state, a single scattered photon will bring about a collapse of the superposition, while a less-than-perfect cat-like state can survive multiple scatterings before collapse occurs. In addition, we study the dephasing effect of atom-atom collisions on the cat-like states.