Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Generating photon-encoded W states in multiport waveguide-array systems

Armando Pérez-Leija, J C Hernández-Herrejón, H. M. Moya-Cessa, Alexander Szameit, Demetrios N. Christodoulides

Published Jan 30, 2013• 57 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a versatile approach for generating multipartite $W$ states in predesigned on-chip multiport photonic lattices. It is shown that is possible to produce photon-encoded $W$ states where exactly one photon is coherently ``shared'' among $N$ optical modes by judiciously adjusting the coupling coefficients involved in one-dimensional arrays of evanescently coupled single-mode waveguides. Two-dimensional waveguide configurations are also investigated as possible avenues to produce $W$ states with equal probability amplitudes and equal relative phases.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.013842

Related papers

Generation of multipartite single photon W states in waveguide lattices

Armando Pérez-Leija, Markus Gräfe, J C Hernández-Herrejón +3 more

We propose a versatile platform for generating multipartite W-states in appropriately engineered on-chip photonic lattices. One and two dimensional waveguide configurations are investigated for producing W-states with predesigned probability amplitudes and relative phases.

Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research•Jan 1, 2013•0 citations

Generation ofN-partite single and two photonWstates with enhanced tolerance using waveguide arrays

Surajit Paul, Krishnan Thyagarajan

Recently, integrated optic solutions for generating single photon N-partite W states by using a one-dimensional array of N identical single-mode optical waveguides, which are coupled via nearest-neighbour interaction, have been proposed. Due to the particular design of the proposed structure, the tolerances with respect to the length of the device and the input wavelength of the single photon for the generation of the W state are very critical, thus making an experimental realization troublesome. Here, we propose an alternative design of a waveguide array consisting of (2N-1) waveguides to create a single-photon N-partite W state that exhibits much greater tolerance to the fabrication conditions as well as to the input wavelength and hence is much more realizable experimentally. The same design is also shown to lead to the generation of two-photon W-states when using the post selection technique.

Journal of Optics•Sep 17, 2014•4 citations

Generation of entangled photons using an arrayed waveguide grating

Nobuyuki Matsuda, Hidetaka Nishi, Péter Karkus +5 more

We propose an on-chip source of entangled photon pairs that uses an arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) with multiple nonlinear input waveguides as correlated photon pair sources. The AWG wavelength-demultiplexes photon pairs created in input waveguides and simultaneously produces a high-dimensional entangled state encoded in the optical path. We implemented the device with a monolithic silicon–silica waveguide integration platform and demonstrated the entanglement of two dimensions in a proof-of-principle experiment.

arXiv:1711.01738•Journal of Optics•Oct 31, 2017•8 citations

Propagation of nonclassical states of light through one-dimensional photonic lattices

B. M. Rodríguez-Lara

We study the propagation of nonclassical light through arrays of coupled linear photonic waveguides and introduce some sets of refractive indices and coupling parameters that provide a closed-form propagator in terms of orthogonal polynomials. We present propagation examples of nonclassical states of light—single photon, coherent state, path-entangled state, and two-mode squeezed vacuum—impinging into two-waveguide couplers and a photonic lattice producing coherent transport.

arXiv:1312.1720•Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Mar 25, 2014•12 citations

Tailoring quantum walks in integrated photonic lattices

A. Raymond, P. Cathala, M. Morassi +4 more

Unlike discrete photonic circuits, which manipulate photons step-by-step using a series of optical elements, arrays of coupled waveguides enable photons to interfere continuously across the entire structure. When composed of a nonlinear material, such arrays can also directly generate quantum states of light within the circuit. To clarify the similarities and distinctions between these two approaches of quantum walks, we conduct here a systematic comparison between linear waveguide arrays, injected with photons produced externally, and nonlinear arrays, where photon pairs are continuously generated via parametric down-conversion. We experimentally validate these predictions using III-V semiconductor nonlinear waveguide lattices with varied geometries, enabling us to tune the depth of the quantum walks over an order of magnitude and reveal the gradual emergence of non-classicality in the output state. Finally, we demonstrate an inverse-design approach to engineer \textit{aperiodic} waveguide arrays, whose optimized coupling profiles generate maximally entangled states such as the biphoton W-state. These results highlight the potential of continuously-coupled photonic systems to harness high-dimensional entanglement within compact architectures.

quant-pharXiv:2512.11608•Optics Express•Dec 15, 2025•1 citation

How to create entanglement among 100 spatial modes with a single photonic lattice

David Barral, Kamel Bencheikh, Juan Ariel Levenson +1 more

Multimode entanglement is an essential resource for quantum networks. Continuous-variable encoding of quantum information in the optical domain has recently yielded large temporal and spectral entangled states instrumental for quantum computing and quantum communication. We introduce a protocol for the generation of spatial multipartite entanglement in a monolithic photonic device: the array of quadratic nonlinear waveguides. We theoretically demonstrate the generation of large multipartite entangled states in the spontaneous parametric downconversion regime. Our protocol is remarkably simple and robust as it does not rely on specific values of coupling, nonlinearity or length of the sample.

•May 14, 2020•0 citations
We propose a versatile approach for generating multipartite WWW states in predesigned on-chip multiport photonic lattices. It is shown that is possible to produce photon-encoded WWW states where exactly one photon is coherently ``shared'' among NNN optical modes by judiciously adjusting the coupling coefficients involved in one-dimensional arrays of evanescently coupled single-mode waveguides. Two-dimensional waveguide configurations are also investigated as possible avenues to produce WWW states with equal probability amplitudes and equal relative phases.
Recently, integrated optic solutions for generating single photon N-partite W states by using a one-dimensional array of N identical single-mode optical waveguides, which are coupled via nearest-neighbour interaction, have been proposed. Due to the particular design of the proposed structure, the tolerances with respect to the length of the device and the input wavelength of the single photon for the generation of the W state are very critical, thus making an experimental realization troublesome. Here, we propose an alternative design of a waveguide array consisting of (2N-1) waveguides to create a single-photon N-partite W state that exhibits much greater tolerance to the fabrication conditions as well as to the input wavelength and hence is much more realizable experimentally. The same design is also shown to lead to the generation of two-photon W-states when using the post selection technique.
We propose an on-chip source of entangled photon pairs that uses an arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) with multiple nonlinear input waveguides as correlated photon pair sources. The AWG wavelength-demultiplexes photon pairs created in input waveguides and simultaneously produces a high-dimensional entangled state encoded in the optical path. We implemented the device with a monolithic silicon–silica waveguide integration platform and demonstrated the entanglement of two dimensions in a proof-of-principle experiment.
Unlike discrete photonic circuits, which manipulate photons step-by-step using a series of optical elements, arrays of coupled waveguides enable photons to interfere continuously across the entire structure. When composed of a nonlinear material, such arrays can also directly generate quantum states of light within the circuit. To clarify the similarities and distinctions between these two approaches of quantum walks, we conduct here a systematic comparison between linear waveguide arrays, injected with photons produced externally, and nonlinear arrays, where photon pairs are continuously generated via parametric down-conversion. We experimentally validate these predictions using III-V semiconductor nonlinear waveguide lattices with varied geometries, enabling us to tune the depth of the quantum walks over an order of magnitude and reveal the gradual emergence of non-classicality in the output state. Finally, we demonstrate an inverse-design approach to engineer \textit{aperiodic} waveguide arrays, whose optimized coupling profiles generate maximally entangled states such as the biphoton W-state. These results highlight the potential of continuously-coupled photonic systems to harness high-dimensional entanglement within compact architectures.
Multimode entanglement is an essential resource for quantum networks. Continuous-variable encoding of quantum information in the optical domain has recently yielded large temporal and spectral entangled states instrumental for quantum computing and quantum communication. We introduce a protocol for the generation of spatial multipartite entanglement in a monolithic photonic device: the array of quadratic nonlinear waveguides. We theoretically demonstrate the generation of large multipartite entangled states in the spontaneous parametric downconversion regime. Our protocol is remarkably simple and robust as it does not rely on specific values of coupling, nonlinearity or length of the sample.