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Physical Review A

Radiative lifetimes of the S and D Rydberg levels of Na

Thomas F. Gallagher, S. A. Edelstein, R. M. Hill

Published May 1, 1975• 76 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have determined the radiative lifetimes of the $n=5\ensuremath{-}13$, $s$ and $d$ states of Na by pumping the desired level with two resonant photons derived from two dye lasers excited by the same ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ laser. The lifetimes increase approximately as the cube of the effective quantum number, and are in good agreement with a Coulomb-approximation calculation.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.11.1504

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Radiative lifetime and photoionization cross-section for Rydberg states in alkali-metal atoms

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We have determined the radiative lifetimes of the n=5\ensuremath−13n=5\ensuremath{-}13n=5\ensuremath−13, sss and ddd states of Na by pumping the desired level with two resonant photons derived from two dye lasers excited by the same N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ laser. The lifetimes increase approximately as the cube of the effective quantum number, and are in good agreement with a Coulomb-approximation calculation.
We have measured lifetimes of sodium sss and ddd levels in the range 17<n<2817<n<2817<n<28. Lifetime shortening due to blackbody radiation has been effectively eliminated by carrying out the measurements in a thermally isolated container cooled to 30 K. The individual lifetimes have been determined to 5% and agree well with calculations based on the Coulombic approximation. The validity of the calculation has been further tested using non-Coulombic methods. An (n∗)3{({n}^{*})}^{3}(n∗)3 scaling law has been obtained from the lifetimes and is accurate to 2.4%.
The radiative lifetimes τrad of the highly excited 4f7/2136s1/2(4)np3/2[11/2](n=21−31) Rydberg Tm states have been measured with the method of multistep laser excitation and electric field ionization. The lifetime values have been obtained with an accuracy of better than 15%. The influence of blackbody radiation on the states with n ≥ 27 has been observed. The experimental results are in good agreement with our previously calculated values obtained by relativistic perturbation theory with a zero-order model approximation. It has been shown that the τrad-versus-n* dependence (n* is the effective principal quantum number) is best described by the relation τrad = 0.0022.(n*)2.46 (μsec). This property may be attributed to the strongly expressed nonhydrogenlike behavior of the investigated states, which is caused by the essentially non-Coulombic core potential acting on the Rydberg electron.
General properties were determined and asymptotic approximation formulas for probabilities of spontaneous decay and photoionization crosssections were derived on the basis of numerically calculated amplitudes of boundbound and boundfree radiation transitions from Rydberg nS�, nPand nDstates of alkali atoms with high principal quantum numbers, up to n = 1000. The departure of data from the asymptotic formulas for states with principal quantum numbers in the range between n = 10 and n = 2000 from originally calculated data does not exceed 0.1-1%, and may be useful for estimations of natural radiation widths for arbitrary high Rydberg levels.
General properties were determined and asymptotic approximation formulas for probabilities of spontaneous decay and photoionization cross-sections were derived on the basis of numerically calculated amplitudes of bound-bound and bound-free radiation transitions from Rydberg nS -, nP - and nD -states of alkali atoms with high principal quantum numbers, up to n = 1000. The departure of data from the asymptotic formulas for states with principal quantum numbers in the range between n = 10 and n = 2000 from originally calculated data does not exceed 0.1–1%, and may be useful for estimations of natural radiation widths for arbitrary high Rydberg levels.