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Zhongguo kexue. Wulixue Lixue Tianwenxue

High-efficiency cascaded nonlinear optical frequency conversion under the condition of nonlinear adiabatic condition

Fukun Lin, YongFang LI, Yonggang Xu, HaiFei ZHU, Qianlan Lin, Lan AN

Published Jul 1, 2014• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We studied the energy transfer and nonlinear coupling process of the third harmonic produced by cascaded second-order nonlinear optical effects. Based on the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) principle and stability characteristics of the dark state, we obtained the adiabatic condition in the nonlinear system, analyzed the physical mechanism of energy conversion with high efficiency, and put forward the fundamental condition that the coupling coefficients should satisfy in order to realize the complete energy transfer. The result had great significance in optical device designing that produced third harmonic.

DOI
10.1360/sspma2013-00112

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We studied the energy transfer and nonlinear coupling process of the third harmonic produced by cascaded second-order nonlinear optical effects. Based on the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) principle and stability characteristics of the dark state, we obtained the adiabatic condition in the nonlinear system, analyzed the physical mechanism of energy conversion with high efficiency, and put forward the fundamental condition that the coupling coefficients should satisfy in order to realize the complete energy transfer. The result had great significance in optical device designing that produced third harmonic.
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Abstract In recent years, a series of adiabatic passage techniques for atomic systems have been introduced into the field of nonlinear optics. We propose a theoretical model of the fourth-order three-process cascaded frequency conversion technique based on fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (FSTIRAP). Building upon the STIRAP technique, the FSTIRAP technique splits the original third pump laser into two separate pump lasers, each subjected to Gaussian modulation. This achieves the simultaneous output of the first idler laser and the second idler laser with tunable output ratios at the end of the crystal, while ensuring the complete conversion of the signal laser. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the FSTIRAP technique enables highly efficient frequency conversion, with the total conversion efficiency showing robustness across a wide range of pump laser intensities, coupling delay parameters, and crystal temperatures. Additionally, the output ratio of the first idler laser to the second idler laser can be controlled by independently tuning the delay parameter or the crystal temperature.
We demonstrate that the frequency conversion in the cascaded processes can be mapped uniquely to an associated three-wave mixing processes in adiabatic evolution. After solving the coupling wave equations of three-wave mixing processes, we immediately find the solutions of the corresponding cascaded coupled equations. Furthermore, we introduce a rather simple model, which displays the main features of the optical stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) but allows for analytic evaluation of all quantities. It performs two simultaneous three-wave mixing processes efficiently and without significant generation of an intermediate frequency. At last, we consider in detail the effects of the phase mismatch to the optical STIRAP efficiency, which show that the analytic bounds are seen to describe the transfer region very accurately.
We investigate the adiabaticity of the dark state in a nonlinear atom-trimer conversion system in a stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). We find that, in the absence of the nonlinear collisions, the adiabatic condition for this nonlinear system only depends on the Rabi-frequency of the dimer-trimer coupling optical field, which is different from traditional STIRAP processes. In the presence of the nonlinear collisions, the adiabatic condition also relies on the atom-dimer coupling Rabi frequency. However, its influence is really small. Moreover, we propose a more feasible two-photon STIRAP scheme that has better adiabaticity and hence could yield higher atom-trimer conversion efficiency.
Two simultaneous three wave mixing processes are analyzed, where an input frequency is converted to an output frequency via an intermediate stage. By employing simultaneous phase-matching and an adiabatic modulation of the nonlinear coupling strengths, the intermediate frequency is kept dark throughout the interaction, while obtaining high conversion efficiency. This feat is accomplished in a manner analogous to population transfer in atomic stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). Applications include conversion between remote frequencies, e.g. mid-IR to visible, and study of electronic crystal properties in the UV absorption band.
The high-efficiency three-process frequency conversion is analyzed. By analysis of coupling equations, the optical straddling stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (S-STIRAP) scheme is proposed. Numerical simulation shows that the input power of the first frequency is monotonically converted into the output power of the last frequency, with the intermediate frequencies kept extremely low along the interacting length. We expect that this frequency conversion scheme has application in the frequency conversion between highly disparate frequencies, e.g., mid-IR to visible.