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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Counterfactual entanglement distribution using quantum dot spins

Yuanyuan Chen, Dong Jiang, Xuemei Gu, Ling Xie, Lijun Chen

Published Mar 19, 2016• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Counterfactual quantum communication allows distant users to share a message without any physical particles traveling through the quantum channel. Here, we present a counterfactual scheme to realize multiparty entanglement distribution. We first realize bipartite counterfactual entanglement distribution to create photon–electron entanglement by using interaction-free measurements and quantum dots. Then the atom–cavity systems are used to create many photon–photon entanglement pairs, which can connect photon–electron pairs with the help of an entanglement beam splitter. Consequently, the electron spins in distant optical microcavities are entangled by the coherent exchange of single flying photons. We also discuss the implementation issues to show that the presented scheme can be realized successfully in experiment. The numerical analysis about the efficiency of multiparty entanglement distribution indicates that there is a trade-off between the entanglement fidelity and the number of users.

DOI
10.1364/josab.33.000663

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Counterfactual quantum communication allows distant users to share a message without any physical particles traveling through the quantum channel. Here, we present a counterfactual scheme to realize multiparty entanglement distribution. We first realize bipartite counterfactual entanglement distribution to create photon–electron entanglement by using interaction-free measurements and quantum dots. Then the atom–cavity systems are used to create many photon–photon entanglement pairs, which can connect photon–electron pairs with the help of an entanglement beam splitter. Consequently, the electron spins in distant optical microcavities are entangled by the coherent exchange of single flying photons. We also discuss the implementation issues to show that the presented scheme can be realized successfully in experiment. The numerical analysis about the efficiency of multiparty entanglement distribution indicates that there is a trade-off between the entanglement fidelity and the number of users.
To date, all schemes for entanglement distribution needed to send entangled particles or a separable mediating particle among distant participants. Here, we propose a counterfactual protocol for entanglement distribution against the traditional forms, that is, two distant particles can be entangled with no physical particles travel between the two remote participants. We also present an alternative scheme for realizing the counterfactual photonic entangled state distribution using Michelson-type interferometer and self-assembled GaAs/InAs quantum dot embedded in a optical microcavity. The numerical analysis about the effect of experimental imperfections on the performance of the scheme shows that the entanglement distribution may be implementable with high fidelity.
We demonstrate quantum information can be transferred between two distant participants without any physical particles travelling between them. The key procedure of the counterfactual scheme is to entangle two nonlocal qubits with each other without interaction, so the scheme can also be used to generate nonlocal entanglement counterfactually. We here illustrate the scheme by using flying photon qubits and stationary electron-spin qubits assisted by quantum dots inside double-sided optical microcavities. Unlike the typical teleportation, the present scheme does not require prior entanglement sharing or classical communication between the two distant participants.
We propose two counterfactual schemes for tripartite entanglement distribution without any physical particles travelling through the quantum channel. One scheme arranges three participators to connect with the absorption object by using switch. Using the "chained" quantum Zeno effect, three participators can accomplish the task of entanglement distribution with unique counterfactual interference probability. Another scheme uses Michelson-type interferometer to swap two entanglement pairs such that the photons of three participators are entangled. Moreover, the distance of entanglement distribution is doubled as two distant absorption objects are used. We also discuss the implementation issues to show that the proposed schemes can be realized with current technology.
We demonstrate quantum information can be transferred between two distant participants without any physical particles traveling between them. The key procedure of the counterfactual scheme is to entangle two nonlocal qubits with each other without interaction, so the scheme can also be used to generate nonlocal entanglement counterfactually. We here illustrate the scheme by using flying photon qubits and Rydberg atom qubits assisted by a mesoscopic atomic ensemble. Unlike the typical teleportation, the present scheme can transport an unknown qubit in a nondeterministic manner without prior entanglement sharing or classical communication between the two distant participants.
We propose an alternative entanglement swapping scheme based on the principle of the counterfactual quantum communication, which demonstrates nonlocal entanglement swapping can be achieved by the operations of a third party. During the whole process, it is not needed to transmit any physical particles among the participants. Furthermore, all the entangled particles are not destroyed in the counterfactual entanglement swapping process, which means we can obtain two pairs of nonlocal entanglement at the same time, thus achieve high-efficiency entanglement distribution. The numerical analysis about the performance of the presented scheme shows that this counterfactual protocol can be implemented with high success probability and fidelity in the ideal asymptotic limit. The scheme may be meaningful for large-scale quantum communication network and quantum repeater.