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Frontiers in Optics

Engineering polarization entanglement at telecom wavelengths

Florian Kaiser, Amandine Issautier, Lutfi Arif Ngah, Olivier Alibart, Anthony Martin, Sébastien Tanzilli

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report a versatile guided-wave approach for engineering high-quality polarization entanglement at telecom wavelengths. This scheme enables manipulating photonic bandwidths ranging from 25 MHz to 1 THz, and creating any two-photon state.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2012.ftu4d.4

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We report a versatile and practical approach for generating high-quality polarization entanglement in a fully guided-wave fashion. Our setup relies on a high-brilliance type-0 waveguide generator producing paired photon at a telecom wavelength associated with an advanced energy-time to polarisation transcriber. The latter is capable of creating any pure polarization entangled state, and allows manipulating single photon bandwidths that can be chosen at will over five orders of magnitude, ranging from tens of MHz to several THz. We achieve excellent entanglement fidelities for particular spectral bandwidths, i.e. 25 MHz, 540 MHz and 100 GHz, proving the relevance of our approach. Our scheme stands as an ideal candidate for a wide range of network applications, ranging from dense division multiplexing quantum key distribution to heralded optical quantum memories and repeaters.
Entanglement is a key resource for quantum infor- mation protocols. Low-loss optical fibers and reliable guided-wave components make it possible to create and distribute photonic entanglement in the telecom C-band of wavelengths (1530-1565 nm). Entanglement is easily produced using spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in nonlinear crystals. Usual observables are time-bin and polarisation, the latter being easier to analyze, thanks to simple experimental apparatus, real-time fiber birefringence compensation, and the natural design of heralded quantum memories for this observable. In quantum networks, where telecom photons are used to distribute, and quantum memories to store, entanglement, the photonic spectral and memory acceptance bandwidths have to be matched. The latter ranges from a few MHz (cold atoms) to a few GHz (solid- state). In the following, we discuss a versatile polar- isation entangling scheme based on a birefringent delay line (BDL) that can be applied to photon bandwidths down to 25 MHz. We demonstrate such versatility by violating, by large amounts, the Bell inequalities for 3 different bandwidths: 25 MHz, 500 MHz, and 100 GHz.