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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Solving Master Equation for Two-Mode Density Matrices by Virtue of Thermal Entangled State Representation

Fan Hong-Yi, Chao Li

Published Jan 15, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We extend the approach of solving master equations for density matrices by projecting it onto the thermal entangled state representation (Hong-Yi Fan and Jun-Hua Chen, J. Phys. A35 (2002) 6873) to two-mode case. In this approach the two-photon master equations can be directly and conveniently converted into c-number partial differential equations. As an example, we solve the typical master equation for two-photon process in some limiting cases.

DOI
10.1088/0253-6102/41/1/21

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We extend the approach of solving master equations for density matrices by projecting it onto the thermal entangled state representation (Hong-Yi Fan and Jun-Hua Chen, J. Phys. A35 (2002) 6873) to two-mode case. In this approach the two-photon master equations can be directly and conveniently converted into c-number partial differential equations. As an example, we solve the typical master equation for two-photon process in some limiting cases.
By introducing a fictitious mode to be a counterpart mode of the system mode under review we introduce the entangled state representation ?|, which can arrange master equations of density operators ?(t) in quantum statistics as state-vector evolution equations due to the elegant properties of ?|. In this way many master equations (respectively describing damping oscillator, laser, phase sensitive, and phase diffusion processes with different initial density operators) can be concisely solved. Specially, for a damping process characteristic of the decay constant ? we find that the matrix element of ?(t) at time t in ?| representation is proportional to that of the initial ?0 in the decayed entangled state ?e??t| representation, accompanying with a Gaussian damping factor. Thus we have a new insight about the nature of the dissipative process. We also set up the so-called thermo-entangled state representation of density operators, ? = ?(d2?/?)?|?D(?), which is different from all the previous known representations.
We solve various master equations to obtain density operators' infinite operator-sum representation via a new approach, i.e., by virtue of the thermo-entangled state representation that has a fictitious mode as a counterpart mode of the system mode. The corresponding Kraus operators from the point of view of quantum channel are derived, whose normalization conditions are proved. Miscellaneous characters possessed by different quantum channels, such as decoherence, phase diffusion, damping, and amplification, can be shown explicitly in the entangled state representation of the density operators. Squeezing transformation is applied to the density operator for decoherence to generate a master equation for describing the phase sensitive process. Partial trace method for deriving new density operators is also introduced. Throughout our discussion, the technique of integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators is fully used.
In Chapter 9, we derived the master equation for a reduced density operator of a two-level atom coupled to a multi-mode vacuum field. We have seen that the master equation is an operator type equation that, in general, is not easy to solve. We have illustrated the solution of the master equation by representing the density operator in the basis of the two states of the two-level atom. The purpose of the representation of the master equation was to obtain c-number differential equations that are equivalent to the operator equations, but are more readily soluble.