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Modern Physics Letters B

OPERATOR-SUM REPRESENTATION OF DENSITY OPERATORS AS SOLUTIONS TO MASTER EQUATIONS OBTAINED VIA THE ENTANGLED STATE APPROACH

Hong-Yi Fan, Liyun Hu

Published Oct 10, 2008• 111 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We solve various master equations to obtain density operators' infinite operator-sum representation via a new approach, i.e., by virtue of the thermo-entangled state representation that has a fictitious mode as a counterpart mode of the system mode. The corresponding Kraus operators from the point of view of quantum channel are derived, whose normalization conditions are proved. Miscellaneous characters possessed by different quantum channels, such as decoherence, phase diffusion, damping, and amplification, can be shown explicitly in the entangled state representation of the density operators. Squeezing transformation is applied to the density operator for decoherence to generate a master equation for describing the phase sensitive process. Partial trace method for deriving new density operators is also introduced. Throughout our discussion, the technique of integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators is fully used.

DOI
10.1142/s0217984908017072

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We solve various master equations to obtain density operators' infinite operator-sum representation via a new approach, i.e., by virtue of the thermo-entangled state representation that has a fictitious mode as a counterpart mode of the system mode. The corresponding Kraus operators from the point of view of quantum channel are derived, whose normalization conditions are proved. Miscellaneous characters possessed by different quantum channels, such as decoherence, phase diffusion, damping, and amplification, can be shown explicitly in the entangled state representation of the density operators. Squeezing transformation is applied to the density operator for decoherence to generate a master equation for describing the phase sensitive process. Partial trace method for deriving new density operators is also introduced. Throughout our discussion, the technique of integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators is fully used.
By introducing a fictitious mode to be a counterpart mode of the system mode under review we introduce the entangled state representation ?|, which can arrange master equations of density operators ?(t) in quantum statistics as state-vector evolution equations due to the elegant properties of ?|. In this way many master equations (respectively describing damping oscillator, laser, phase sensitive, and phase diffusion processes with different initial density operators) can be concisely solved. Specially, for a damping process characteristic of the decay constant ? we find that the matrix element of ?(t) at time t in ?| representation is proportional to that of the initial ?0 in the decayed entangled state ?e??t| representation, accompanying with a Gaussian damping factor. Thus we have a new insight about the nature of the dissipative process. We also set up the so-called thermo-entangled state representation of density operators, ? = ?(d2?/?)?|?D(?), which is different from all the previous known representations.
This paper solves the newly constructed nonlinear master equation dρ/d t = κ[2 f ( N ) a ρ (1/ f ( N − 1)) a † − a † a ρ−ρ a † a ], where f ( N ) is an operator-valued function of N = a † a , for describing amplitude damping channel, and derives the infinite operator sum representation of quasi-Kraus operators for the density operator. It also shows that in this nonlinear process the initial pure number state density operator will evolve into the binomial field (a mixed state) when
Open quantum system, namely system-reservoir model, is described by a master equation of density operator. For example, the Caldeira-Leggett eqaution describes dissipative phenomenon of solid physics. Although some efforts have been made to derive the exact expression of this master equation, so far as we know, it has not been reported in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to provide a new approach to solving the Caldeira-Leggett equation, via this approach the explicit integral-form expression of ρ(t) can be obtained. The main point of this approach is to convert equation of density operator into an equation of density state vector, and then project density state vector into thermo entangled state representation and convert it into wave function by using the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators. Thus the master equation for Caldeira-Leggett model is converted into an differential equation of wave function. Wave function is also a function. The wave function can be obtained via the approach to solving the differential equation in mathematics. It can be converted into a density state vector and density operator. Using the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators again, the integra-form solution of the Caldeira-Leggett equation is obtained.
In the present work, the exact formal solution of the Caldeira–Leggett quantum master equation for the reduced density matrix of an oscillator is obtained by virtue of the thermo entangled state representation and the technique of integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators. Also, the solution for high temperature approximation is derived. When the initial state is a coherent state, it will evolve into a displaced-squeezed chaotic state (a mixed state) which shows that decoherence is involved in the Caldeira–Leggett equation due to the interactions between the system and environment.
Abstract Using the operator correspondence of the real and fictious modes in the thermo entangled state representation, we solve the quantum master equation describing the diffusion channel and obtain the Kraus operator-sum representation of its analytical solution. we find that the pure coherent states evolve into the new mixed thermal superposed states in the diffusion channel. Also, we investigate the statistical properties of the initial coherent states and their entropy evolutions in the diffusion channel, and find that the entropy evolutions are only related to the decay time and without the amplitudes of the initial coherent states.