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The Rochester Conferences on Coherence and Quantum Optics and the Quantum Information and Measurement meeting

Observation of non-diffracting behavior at the single-photon level

Héctor Cruz-Ramírez, Roberto Ramírez-Alarcón, Francisco J. Morelos, Pedro Antonio Quinto-Su, Julio C. Gutiérrez-Vega, Alfred B. U’Ren

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate the generation of non-diffracting heralded single photons produced by SPDC when the crystal is pumped by a Bessel-Gauss beam. The non-diffracting photons are produced without the need for any post-generation projection.
DOI
10.1364/cqo.2013.m6.33

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We demonstrate the generation of non-diffracting heralded single photons, i.e. which are characterized by a single-photon transverse intensity distribution which remains essentially unchanged over a significant propagation distance. For this purpose we have relied on the process of spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) for the generation of signal and idler photon pairs, where our SPDC crystal is pumped by a Bessel-Gauss (BG) beam. Our experiment shows that the well-understood non-diffracting behavior of a BG beam may be directly mapped to the signal-mode, single photons heralded by the detection of a single idler photon. In our experiment, the heralded single photon is thus arranged to be non-diffracting without the need for projecting its single-photon transverse amplitude, post-generation, in any manner.
We show that an optical vortex beam, implemented classically, can be transferred to the transverse amplitude of a heralded single photon. For this purpose we have relied on the process of spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) for the generation of signal and idler photon pairs, using a pump in the form of a Bessel-Gauss (BG) beam with orbital angular momentum (specifically, with topological charge l = 1 and l = 2). We have designed our source so that it operates within the short SPDC crystal regime for which, the amplitude and phase of the pump may be transferred to a heralded single photon. In order to verify the vortex nature of our heralded single photon, we have shown that the conditional angular spectrum and the transverse intensity at the single-photon level match similar measurements carried out for the pump. In addition, we have shown that when our heralded single photon is diffracted through a triangular aperture, the far-field single-photon transverse intensity exhibits the expected triangular arrangement of intensity lobes associated with the presence of orbital angular momentum.
In this work we study, for the spontaneous parametric downconversion process, how the transverse amplitude of the pump may be transferred to one of the emitted photons in a given pair when heralded by the detection of the remaining photon. We present a theoretical description of this process along with a discussion of the short-crystal regime within which faithful transfer of the transverse amplitude occurs. We show experimental results for Gaussian and Bessel–Gauss pump beams. In both cases, we verify that the transverse amplitude mechanism occurs and for the former also shows the effects of a departure from the short crystal regime. For the latter we show that our heralded single photons exhibit a non-diffractive behavior, and for orders l = 1 and l = 2 we show that these heralded single photons are in fact vortices with orbital angular momentum transferred from the pump.