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Research in Optical Sciences

SPECTRAL AND SPATIAL CORRELATION EFFECTS ON HERALDED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCES

Jefferson Flórez, Omar Calderón-Losada, Alejandra Valencia, Clara I. Osorio

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the role of spectral and spatial correlations between SPDC photons in the heralding efficiency and purity of heralded single photon sources. Our results depend on the photon chosen to herald due to birefringence.
DOI
10.1364/hilas.2014.jw2a.62

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We present a detailed study on the properties of single photons generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) when both the spectral and spatial degrees of freedom are controlled by means of filters. Our results show that it is possible to obtain pure heralded single photons with high heralding efficiency despite the use of filters. Moreover, we report an asymmetry on the single-photon properties exhibited in type-II SPDC sources that depends on choosing the signal or the idler photon as the heralding one.
One method to produce pure heralded single photons (HSP) when using the optical process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) is by modifying the joint spectrum of the photon pairs by means of spectral filters. In this work, we characterize the dependence, with the bandwidth of such filters, of the spectral purity and heralding efficiency of the HSP generated in a bulk SPDC. The values we report for the purity and heralding efficiency are obtained from measurements of the joint spectrum. Our results are in agreement with the theoretical model that predicts a trade-off between the purity and heralding efficiency, and they complement similar measurements that have been done for HSP produced by other types of sources.
The generation of high purity single photons and entangled photon pairs is a crucial first step in many quantum optics experiments, including those that require quantum teleportation [1], entanglement swapping [2], and the generation of multi-photon entanglement [3]. The most widely used and established approach for creating photon pairs is spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) - where pump photons undergo a non-linear optical process to create a down-converted photon pair [4]. Traditionally, the generation of high-purity heralded single photons required severe spectral filtering, introducing additional loss. However, through careful engineering of spectral correlations of the down-converted photon pairs one can circumvent the need for filtering and avoid the accompanying reduction in heralding efficiency.
Optical quantum protocols are reliant on the production of highly pure single photons. However, most parametric heralded single-photon sources possess spectral correlations, limiting the purity of the produced photon. The most common method for restoring the purity is with narrowband spectral filtering, which comes at the cost of reducing the rate of heralding detection. Here, we characterize this trade-off analytically for a large class of parametric sources. It is possible to achieve up to 20% heralding success probabilities with 90% heralded photon purities.