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Physical Review A

Polarization-dependent manipulation of optical properties in a tripod system

Santosh Kumar, T. Lauprêtre, Fabien Bretenaker, Fabienne Goldfarb, Rupamanjari Ghosh

Published Aug 27, 2013• 11 citations

Abstract

We analyze the dependence of the transmission profiles of an atom in a tripod configuration on the polarizations of the coupling and the probe beams and use room-temperature metastable helium (${}^{4}$He*) as a model system. We show that, by rotating the orthogonally polarized coupling-probe beams with respect to an applied small magnetic field, one can manipulate the detuned peaks due to electromagnetically induced transparency [Kumar, Laupr\^etre, Ghosh, Bretenaker, and Goldfarb, Phys. Rev. A 84, 023811 (2011)] and the central peak arising because of ground-state coherent population oscillations [Laupr\^etre, Kumar, Berger, Faoro, Ghosh, Bretenaker, and Goldfarb, Phys. Rev. A 85, 051805(R) (2012)] observed earlier separately. Our experimental results match well with our numerical simulation using the Floquet method.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.88.023852

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We analyze the dependence of the transmission profiles of an atom in a tripod configuration on the polarizations of the coupling and the probe beams and use room-temperature metastable helium (

{}^{4}

He*) as a model system. We show that, by rotating the orthogonally polarized coupling-probe beams with respect to an applied small magnetic field, one can manipulate the detuned peaks due to electromagnetically induced transparency [Kumar, Laupr^etre, Ghosh, Bretenaker, and Goldfarb, Phys. Rev. A 84, 023811 (2011)] and the central peak arising because of ground-state coherent population oscillations [Laupr^etre, Kumar, Berger, Faoro, Ghosh, Bretenaker, and Goldfarb, Phys. Rev. A 85, 051805(R) (2012)] observed earlier separately. Our experimental results match well with our numerical simulation using the Floquet method.

We experimentally and theoretically study two different tripod configurations using metastable helium (

{}^{4}

He*), with the probe field polarization perpendicular and parallel to the quantization axis, defined by an applied weak magnetic field. In the first case, the two dark resonances interact incoherently and merge together into a single electromagnetically induced transparency peak with increasing coupling power. In the second case, we observe destructive interference between the two dark resonances inducing an extra absorption peak at the line center.

We propose a scheme on control of the transition from quantum decoherence to coherence of a considered system S provided by the polarization degree of freedom of a probe field coupled to its motional degrees of freedom representing the environment B. A magneto-optically manipulated atomic ensemble with a tripod configuration is used to enhance the coupling between systems S and B. The spatial profile of the external fields induces a spatially varying potential for system B in the gas cell with identical and noninteracting atoms at different transverse points. It is found that the coherence of the system S can be maintained, lost or gained by properly choosing the incident positions of the probe field with respect to the center of the control laser field, and the two photon detuning for each components of the probe laser field.

Vector beam propagation through a four-level tripod atomic system has been investigated. The three transitions of the tripod atomic system are coupled by a strong control field and the two constituent orthogonally polarized components of a weak probe vector beam. An external magnetic field induces anisotropy, creating a difference in the refractive indices of the two polarization components of the beam. This difference in refractive indices varies with the magnetic field strength and directly relates to the polarization orientation at any transverse plane. Thus, the transverse polarization structure can be rotated as desired with appropriate magnetic field strength. We further study the effect of nonlinearity and inhomogeneous broadening on the vector beam's polarization rotation. Therefore, the mechanism of efficient polarization control and manipulation of a vector beam can open up a new avenue for high-resolution microscopy and high-density optical communications.

It is well known that ultranarrow electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances can be observed in atomic gases at room temperature. We report here the experimental observation of another type of ultranarrow resonance, as narrow as the EIT ones, in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system selected by light polarization in metastable

{}^{4}

He at room temperature. It is shown to be due to coherent population oscillations in an open two-level system (TLS). For perpendicular linearly polarized coupling and probe beams, this system can be considered as two coupled open TLSs, in which the ground-state populations exhibit antiphase oscillations. We also predict theoretically that in the case of two parallel polarizations, the system would behave like a closed TLS, and the narrow resonance associated with these oscillations would disappear.