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The Rochester Conferences on Coherence and Quantum Optics and the Quantum Information and Measurement meeting

Observation of Two-Photon Stimulated Emission and Three-Photon Interference

Fang‐Wen Sun, Bi‐Heng Liu, Yan-Xiao Gong, Yun‐Feng Huang, Guang‐Can Guo, Z. Y. Ou

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By injecting a weak coherent state into a parametric amplifier and making the appropriate projection measurement, we observe the stimulated emission of two photons. This phenomenon can be interpreted as a three-photon interference effect.
DOI
10.1364/cqo.2007.csua34

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By performing an experiment on stimulated emission by two photons in the parametric amplification process and comparing it to a three-photon interference scheme, we present evidence in support of the idea that the underlying physics of stimulated emission is simply the constructive interference due to photon indistinguishability. So the observed signal enhancement upon the input of photons can be interpreted as a result of multiphoton interference of the input photons and the otherwise spontaneously emitted photon from the amplifier.
Interference of two beams produced at separate biphoton sources was first observed more than two decades ago. The phenomenon, often called ``induced coherence without induced emission,'' has recently gained attention after its applications to imaging, spectroscopy, and measuring biphoton correlations have been discovered. The sources used in the corresponding experiments are nonlinear crystals pumped by laser light. The use of a laser pump makes the occurrence of induced (stimulated) emission unavoidable, and the effect of stimulated emission can be observed in the joint detection rate of the two beams. This fact raises the question whether the stimulated emission also plays a role in inducing the coherence. Here we investigate a case in which the crystals are pumped with a single-photon Fock state. We find that coherence is induced even though the possibility of stimulated emission is now fully ruled out. Furthermore, the joint detection rate of the two beams becomes ideally zero. Our results rule out any classical or semiclassical explanation of the phenomenon and also suggest that it is, in principle, possible to perform similar experiments with fermions, for which stimulated emission is strictly forbidden.
Interference of two beams produced at separate biphoton sources was first observed more than two decades ago. The phenomenon, often called coherence without induced emission, has recently gained attention after its applications to imaging, spectroscopy, and measuring biphoton correlations have been discovered. The sources used in the corresponding experiments are nonlinear crystals pumped by laser light. The use of a laser pump makes the occurrence of induced (stimulated) emission unavoidable and the effect of stimulated emission can be observed in the joint detection rate of the two beams. This fact raises the question whether the stimulated emission also lays a role in inducing the coherence. Here we investigate a case in which the crystals are pumped with a single-photon Fock state. We find that coherence is induced even though the possibility of stimulated emission is now fully ruled out. Furthermore, the joint detection rate of the two beams becomes ideally zero and does no longer change with the pump power. We illustrate our results by numerical simulations and by comparisons with experimental findings. Our results rule out any classical or semi-classical explanation of the phenomenon and also imply that similar experiments can be performed with fermions, for which stimulated emission is strictly forbidden.