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Physical Review A

Laser–radio-frequency double-resonance spectroscopy of 84−87Rb isotopes trapped in superfluid helium

X. F. Yang, T. Furukawa, T. Wakui, Tomomi Fujita, Kei Imamura, Yosuke Mitsuya, Miki Hayasaka, Yuichi Ichikawa, Yoko Ishibashi, H. Shirai, Takahiro Suzuki, Yuta Ebara, A. Hatakeyama, M. Wada, T. Sonoda, Y. Ito, T. Kobayashi, S. Nishimura, Mizuki Kurata-Nishimura, Y. Kondo, Ken-ichiro Yoneda, S. Kubono, Yoshimitsu Ohshiro, H. Ueno, Tsutomu Shinozuka, T. Shimoda, Koichiro Asahi, Yukari Matsuo

Published Nov 19, 2014• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we report on a laser spectroscopy measurement of ${}^{84\ensuremath{-}87}\mathrm{Rb}$ isotopes in superfluid helium (He ii) at 1.8 K using laser--radio-frequency double-resonance spectroscopy. Rb ion beams $(>60$ MeV/u) provided by the RIKEN projectile fragment separator (RIPS) were injected and trapped into He ii. The stopping position of atoms in He ii was precisely confirmed by laser spectroscopy. By optically pumping the trapped Rb isotopes, large atomic spin polarization (up to 40%) of each observed isotope in the ground state was achieved. The laser--radio-frequency double-resonance spectra were observed for stable ${}^{85,87}\mathrm{Rb}$ isotopes as well as for unstable isotopes ${}^{84,84m,86}\mathrm{Rb}$ by scanning a weak magnetic field with a fixed-frequency RF field. From the measured Zeeman splitting, nuclear spin values for ${}^{84m,84\ensuremath{-}87}\mathrm{Rb}$ isotopes were determined with reasonable accuracy. The number of ions injected into He ii for the resonance spectra measurement was on the order of $10{}^{4}$ particles per second. This work may open new opportunities for the study of various particles trapped in condensed helium in several fields.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.90.052516

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In this paper, we report on a laser spectroscopy measurement of 84\ensuremath−87Rb{}^{84\ensuremath{-}87}\mathrm{Rb}84\ensuremath−87Rb isotopes in superfluid helium (He ii) at 1.8 K using laser--radio-frequency double-resonance spectroscopy. Rb ion beams (>60(>60(>60 MeV/u) provided by the RIKEN projectile fragment separator (RIPS) were injected and trapped into He ii. The stopping position of atoms in He ii was precisely confirmed by laser spectroscopy. By optically pumping the trapped Rb isotopes, large atomic spin polarization (up to 40%) of each observed isotope in the ground state was achieved. The laser--radio-frequency double-resonance spectra were observed for stable 85,87Rb{}^{85,87}\mathrm{Rb}85,87Rb isotopes as well as for unstable isotopes 84,84m,86Rb{}^{84,84m,86}\mathrm{Rb}84,84m,86Rb by scanning a weak magnetic field with a fixed-frequency RF field. From the measured Zeeman splitting, nuclear spin values for 84m,84\ensuremath−87Rb{}^{84m,84\ensuremath{-}87}\mathrm{Rb}84m,84\ensuremath−87Rb isotopes were determined with reasonable accuracy. The number of ions injected into He ii for the resonance spectra measurement was on the order of 10410{}^{4}104 particles per second. This work may open new opportunities for the study of various particles trapped in condensed helium in several fields.
By D1{\mathit{D}}_{1}D1​-line optical pumping of alkali-metal atoms (Cs and Rb) in superfluid helium (He II), we could achieve large spin polarization of the atoms in the ground states, more than 50% for both electron and nuclear spins, especially for the Cs atoms. The alkali-metal atoms were implanted into He II by laser sputtering. We detected optically the magnetic resonances between the ground-state Zeeman sublevels, and found that the g values and hyperfine constants in He II were the same as in vacuum within the experimental error. We discuss possible applications of these spin-polarized atoms in He II.
A cloud of /sup 87/Rb atoms in the |f, m/sub f/>= |1, -1> ground state was evaporatively cooled in a Ioffe-Pritchard trap close to or below the BEC transition temperature. The atoms were then transferred into an optical dipole trap made of an Yb:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 1030 nm. After turning off the magnetic trap, an RF pulse transferred the atoms to the |1,1> Zeeman state. Subsequently, a homogeneous dc magnetic field was applied. The field range was scanned between 0.5 and 1260 Gauss. Monitoring the atom loss, more than 40 resonances, are observed including the predicted ones. The additional resonances are due to closed channels with rotational quantum number l = 2. The measured resonance positions were included in a fit to obtain an improved set of parameters for the rubidium interatomic potential. Although all resonances are narrow, the magnetic field control should be accurate enough to resolve changes in the elastic scattering length on the broadest resonance at 1007 Gauss.
Isotope selective optical excitation of atoms is important for experiments with neutral atoms, metrology, and work with trapped ions, including quantum information processing. Polarization-enhanced absorption spectroscopy is used to frequency stabilise a tunable external cavity laser diode system at 398.9 nm for isotope selective photoionization of neutral Yb atoms. This spectroscopy technique is used to measure isotope resolved dispersive features from transitions within a see through configuration Ytterbium hollow-cathode discharge lamp. This Doppler-free dichroic polarization spectroscopy is realised by retro-reflecting a laser beam through the discharge and analysing the polarization dependent absorption with balanced detection. The spectroscopy signal is recovered using lock-in detection of frequency modulation induced by current modulation of the external cavity laser diode. Here, we show the use of polarization-enhanced absorption spectroscopy for isotope selectively loading of 171^{171}171Yb+^++, 172^{172}172Yb+^++, or 174^{174}174Yb+^++ ions into an RF Paul trap.
^{133}Ba^{+} has been identified as an attractive ion for quantum information processing due to the unique combination of its spin-1/2 nucleus and visible wavelength electronic transitions. Using a microgram source of radioactive material, we trap and laser cool the synthetic A=133 radioisotope of barium II in a radio-frequency ion trap. Using the same, single trapped atom, we measure the isotope shifts and hyperfine structure of the 6^{2}P_{1/2}↔6^{2}S_{1/2} and 6^{2}P_{1/2}↔5^{2}D_{3/2} electronic transitions that are needed for laser cooling, state preparation, and state detection of the clock-state hyperfine and optical qubits. We also report the 6^{2}P_{1/2}↔5^{2}D_{3/2} electronic transition isotope shift for the rare A=130 and 132 barium nuclides, completing the spectroscopic characterization necessary for laser cooling all long-lived barium II isotopes.
This thesis studies radio-frequency spectroscopy of superfluid alkali Fermi gases. Radio-frequency and laser fields provide a coherent and well understood tool for manipulating atomic gases. However, new phenomena are expected and have already been seen experimentally when the alkali atoms become strongly interacting. Here we use a simple perturbative treatment of the atom-rf-field coupling for studying the spectroscopy of a strongly interacting gas. At ultracold temperatures fermionic atoms become paired in analogy to electrons in superconductors. The resulting binding energy, or the pairing gap, can be observed as a shift in the radio-frequency spectrum. With strong interactions, the fermions begin pairing already above the critical superfluid transition temperature. The radio-frequency spectroscopy grants a way to study these fluctuation effects quantitatively. The inhomogeneous trapping potential of the atom cloud also adds its own flavour, resulting in distinct mesoscopic effects in the radio-frequency spectra. Our theoretical models are in very good agreement with the experimental results. First order perturbation theory provides qualitatively correct lineshapes, and our generalised perturbative approach gives quantitatively correct magnitudes for the transfer rates. The inhomogeneity plays an important part also in more exotic systems in which the simple BCS-type pairing of atoms is prevented by polarising the gas. Superfluidity and phase separation in such spin-imbalanced gases has been experimentally observed. We have suggested the use of radio-frequency spectroscopy for observing exotic polarised superfluid states, present at the edges of the atom cloud.
Precision measurement of atomic and nuclear polarization is an essential step for beta-asymmetry measurement of radioactive atoms. In this paper, we report the polarization measurement of Rb atoms in an yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) far-off-resonance optical dipole trap. We have prepared a cold cloud of polarized Rb atoms in the YAG dipole trap by optical pumping and achieved an initial nuclear polarization of up to 97.2(5)%. The initial atom distribution in different Zeeman levels is measured by using a combination of microwave excitation, laser pushing, and atomic retrap techniques. The nuclear-spin polarization is further purified to 99.2(2)% in 10 s and maintained above 99% because the two-body collision loss rate between atoms in mixed spin states is greater than the one-body trap loss rate. Systematic effects on the nuclear polarization, including the off-resonance Raman scattering, magnetic field gradient, and background gas collisions, are discussed.