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ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA

Controlled by a Third Party to Realize Quantum Secure Dialogue

邹昕 Zou Xin, 叶志清 YE Zhi-qing

Published Jan 1, 2012• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In a sense,quantum teleportation by which information could only be transferred in one-way is not a perfect mode of communication.Thus,a scheme of two-way quantum communication controlled by a third party is proposed.Firstly,both sides of communication need accomplish information encoding through some unitary transformations.Then they should perform Bell-state measurements(BSMs) to their own qubits respectively,and announce the measured results.With the permission of the controller,two sides of communication could realize the quantum dialogue without divulging information to controller.Because of the join of a third party,safety of quantum dialogue is greatly enhanced,which makes this scheme better.According to the realization of secure two-way quantum communication,the scheme may be a good reference in practical application of quantum secure dialogue and quantum private communication.

DOI
10.3788/gzxb20124104.0501

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In a sense,quantum teleportation by which information could only be transferred in one-way is not a perfect mode of communication.Thus,a scheme of two-way quantum communication controlled by a third party is proposed.Firstly,both sides of communication need accomplish information encoding through some unitary transformations.Then they should perform Bell-state measurements(BSMs) to their own qubits respectively,and announce the measured results.With the permission of the controller,two sides of communication could realize the quantum dialogue without divulging information to controller.Because of the join of a third party,safety of quantum dialogue is greatly enhanced,which makes this scheme better.According to the realization of secure two-way quantum communication,the scheme may be a good reference in practical application of quantum secure dialogue and quantum private communication.
A scheme of two-way teleportation is proposed,with Bell entangled state as Quantum Channel(QC).Firstly,two sides of communication(Alice and Bob),share two EPR entangled states.After communication,Alice and Bob perform Bell-state joint measurements to their own qubits respectively,and announce the measured results via Classical Channel(CC).Then according to the measured results,Alice and Bob make relevant unitary transformations,namely,its own party can reproduce the opposite quantum state information,and thus the two-way teleportation is realized.In order to enhance the security of two-way teleportation,and the analysis result indicates that the system′s security will strengthen with the increase of the control particles,but the security will not strengthen when the control particles increase to a certain number.
A scheme for controlled two-way quantum teleportation of unknown one-qubit state via GHZ quadripartite entangled state was proposed.Two sides of communication(Alice and Bob)and the controller,secretly share two pairs of GHZ quadripartite entangled state in advance to construct quantum channel.According to the different ways of distribution along with different measuring vectors choosed to use,two-way quantum teleportation controlled by a third party and a fouth party were realized.After communication,Alice and Bob perform quantum projection measurement on parts of their qubits respectively.If the controller agrees to intercommunication,he should measure his qubits and announce the results via classical channel.Then the both sides of communication can make appropriate unitary transformations on their own certain qubit on the basis of the controller′s results,thus they are able to reconstruct each other′s unknown state on their own qubit.The security of the whole two-way communication is greatly impoved owing to the join of the third party Charlie and the fourth party Dennis.
A novel scheme of controlled secure quantum dialogue by using Brown states was proposed in this paper.It this scheme,Alice,Bob and Charlie shared a five-particle Brown states.Alice made unitary operations on two particles of the Brown states to realize encoding her secret calssical message.Similarly,Bob performed corresponding unitary transformations to another two particles to encode the information that he wanted to send to Alice.Later,Charlie made Brown base states joint measurement on the Brown final state and announced the measured results.Alice and Bob deduced the opposite party′s information according to Charlie′s announced measurement results and her(his)unitary operation when encoding.They completed quantum dialogue successfully.Then the scheme′s security was discussed and a conclusion was drawn.Compared with the previous quantum dialogues,the secure quantum dialogue scheme adds the controlled party,ensures the communication security,and increases the particles number involving in the communication process and the coding efficiency.
Abstract A controlled semi-quantum dialogue protocol is proposed that uses semi-quantum cryptography and the concept of ‘control’. In this scheme, the supervisor Charlie prepares a large number of entangled photon pairs and separates them into an S A for verification and an S B for encoding. The quantum-capable party Alice and the classical communication party Bob proceed to encode on the S B sequence only after confirming the security of the channel. Finally, Alice performs measurements and announces the results to finalise the communication. This protocol ensures that secret information is exchanged between Alice and Bob only with Charlie’s permission, while Charlie has no access to the communicators’ secret information during the whole process. In terms of security, the protocol contains two strict security checks and accounts for noise, making it robust against both internal and external attacks, which greatly improves the security and reliability of the protocol. Finally, the efficiency analysis demonstrates that the protocol outperforms other existing protocols in terms of efficiency and its actual efficiency can approach the theoretical limit through optimization.
In this paper, a controlled quantum dialogue (CQD) scheme based on different unspecific two-particle entangled state is proposed, in which legitimate users can exchange their secret messages according to unitary operations they chose and measurement results published by Charlie, realizing transmitting unspecific secrets by using unspecific entangled state. We insert decoy particles twice and get rid of useless secret messages carried by F particles to ensure security of the whole communication system, realizing the three-times channel detection. Compared to previous CQD protocols, the proposed scheme is proved to stand attack from third-party controller, and it is very secure.
A theoretical scheme for alternative and secure direct communication is proposed. The communication is based on controlled quantum teleportation via state. After insuring the security of the quantum channels (a set of qubits in the states), Alice encodes the secret messages directly on a sequence of particle states and transmits them to Bob supported by Charlie, or to Charlie supported by Bob, using controlled quantum teleportation. Bob or Charlie can read out the encoded messages directly by the measurement on his qubits. In this scheme, the controlled quantum teleportation transmits Alice's message without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. Because there is no a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret messages between legitimate parties in the public channel, it is completely secure for direct secret communication if perfect quantum channel is used. We also discuss that when one of the three legitimate parties does not cooperate with others because of some reasons, the remaining two persons can still communicate with each other by entanglement purification. The main feature of this scheme is that the communicate between two sides is alternative but depends on the agreement of the third, and more over, the communication between two sides does not suspend with loss of one of three qubits ( i.e., one of the three legitimate parties does not cooperate with others).