Physical review. B, Solid state

Cooperative Absorption and Luminescence in Cr3+ -Doped EuAl O3

Jan P. van der Ziel, LeGrand G. Van Uitert

Published Sep 1, 1973• 13 citations

Abstract

Absorption and emission involving exchange-coupled nearest-neighbor ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ ions have been observed in ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$-doped EuAl${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ at the sum of the chromium $^{2}E_{g}$ and europium $^{7}F_{1}$ energies. Weak absorption at the difference energy has also been observed. The latter is the inverse of the previously studied europium terminated chromium emission. The intensities of the ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ sideband transitions vary with the strength of the exchange-induced electric dipole moment.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.8.1889

Related papers

Observation of Simultaneous Excitation of the Coupled Cr3+ Ions to the Eg2 States in LaAl O3 : Cr3+

Jan P. van der Ziel

Physical Review LettersMar 29, 197111 citations

Cr3+ Ion Pair Spectrum in Ruby

Masayoshi Naitō

Journal of the Physical Society of JapanJun 1, 197333 citations

Photon-assisted off-resonance energy transfer between Cr3+ and Gd3+ in GdAlO3

José Luciano Miranda Duarte, Jarbas Caiado de Castro

Physical review. B, Condensed matterSep 1, 19922 citations

Absorption Spectrum of Optically Pumped Al2 O3 : Cr3+

Huang Jin, Henry W. Moos

Physical ReviewSep 10, 196822 citations

Modified dipole–dipole interactions on optically excited pair transitions

Juan Francisco Lam, Stephen Colby Rand

Apr 26, 19870 citations

OPTICAL ABSORPTION SPECTRUM OF EXCITED Cr3+IONS IN YTTRIUM ALUMINUM GARNET

B. K. Sevast’yanov, D. T. Sviridov, V. P. Orekhova +3 more

Soviet Journal of Quantum ElectronicsApr 30, 197313 citations

Physical review. B, Solid state

Cooperative Absorption and Luminescence in Cr3+ -Doped EuAl O3

Jan P. van der Ziel, LeGrand G. Van Uitert

Published Sep 1, 1973• 13 citations

Publisher

Abstract

Absorption and emission involving exchange-coupled nearest-neighbor

{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}

and

{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}

ions have been observed in

{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}

-doped EuAl

{\mathrm{O}}_{3}

at the sum of the chromium

^{2}E_{g}

and europium

^{7}F_{1}

energies. Weak absorption at the difference energy has also been observed. The latter is the inverse of the previously studied europium terminated chromium emission. The intensities of the

{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}

sideband transitions vary with the strength of the exchange-induced electric dipole moment.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.8.1889

Related papers

Observation of Simultaneous Excitation of the Coupled Cr3+ Ions to the Eg2 States in LaAl O3 : Cr3+

Jan P. van der Ziel

Transitions to the states of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ pairs where both ions are excited to the $^{2}E_{g}$ levels have been observed in LaAl ${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ : ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ . Of the predicted eight pair levels, three of the $S=0$ and one of the $S=1$ levels have definitely been identified at approximately twice the $^{2}E_{g}$ energy absorption. The remaining transitions either are obscured by the strong vibronic spectrum or are very weak. The polarization of the lines agrees with a model based on the mechanism of exchange-induced electric dipole moment.Transitions to the states of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ pairs where both ions are excited to the $^{2}E_{g}$ levels have been observed in LaAl${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$:${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$. Of the predicted eight pair levels, three of the $S=0$ and one of the $S=1$ levels have definitely been identified at approximately twice the $^{2}E_{g}$ energy absorption. The remaining transitions either are obscured by the strong vibronic spectrum or are very weak. The polarization of the lines agrees with a model based on the mechanism of exchange-induced electric dipole moment.

Physical Review LettersMar 29, 197111 citations

Cr3+ Ion Pair Spectrum in Ruby

Masayoshi Naitō

The optical spectrum due to the exchange coupled Cr 3+ ions in ruby has been studied theoretically. The effect of the lowering of the Cr 3+ site symmetry due to the formation of a pair was taken into account. For the 2nd neighbor pair, a good fitting of the excited state energies between theory and experiment was obtained. The effect of the higher order exchange is found to be very important for this pair. It is also found that the deviation of the Cr 3+ site symmetry from C 3 is rather large for this pair. For the 4th neighbor pair, the level diagram of the excited state was obtained and the absorption intensities were calculated. Most of the observed lines in this pair are explained by this theory. The lines so called N 1 and N 2 are found to be the transitions due to the exchange induced electric dipole.The optical spectrum due to the exchange coupled Cr 3+ ions in ruby has been studied theoretically. The effect of the lowering of the Cr 3+ site symmetry due to the formation of a pair was taken into account. For the 2nd neighbor pair, a good fitting of the excited state energies between theory and experiment was obtained. The effect of the higher order exchange is found to be very important for this pair. It is also found that the deviation of the Cr 3+ site symmetry from C 3 is rather large for this pair. For the 4th neighbor pair, the level diagram of the excited state was obtained and the absorption intensities were calculated. Most of the observed lines in this pair are explained by this theory. The lines so called N 1 and N 2 are found to be the transitions due to the exchange induced electric dipole.

Journal of the Physical Society of JapanJun 1, 197333 citations

Photon-assisted off-resonance energy transfer between Cr3+ and Gd3+ in GdAlO3

José Luciano Miranda Duarte, Jarbas Caiado de Castro

We report here a clear observation of photon-assisted off-resonance energy transfer. Our experiment was carried out in crystals of gadolinium aluminate ( ${\mathrm{GdAlO}}_{3}$ ) doped with chromium ions ( ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ ). The observed phenomenon consists of the energy transfer from a ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ ion, previously excited to the $^{2}$ E state (located at about 13.770 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ above the ground state), to a neighbor ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ ion (which has the first excited state located at about 31.840 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$), with the simultaneous absorption of a photon that energy matches exactly the difference between the gadolinium excited-state energy and the energy supplied by the chromium ion.We report here a clear observation of photon-assisted off-resonance energy transfer. Our experiment was carried out in crystals of gadolinium aluminate (${\mathrm{GdAlO}}_{3}$) doped with chromium ions (${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$). The observed phenomenon consists of the energy transfer from a ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ ion, previously excited to the $^{2}$E state (located at about 13.770 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ above the ground state), to a neighbor ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ ion (which has the first excited state located at about 31.840 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$), with the simultaneous absorption of a photon that energy matches exactly the difference between the gadolinium excited-state energy and the energy supplied by the chromium ion.

Physical review. B, Condensed matterSep 1, 19922 citations

Absorption Spectrum of Optically Pumped Al2 O3 : Cr3+

Huang Jin, Henry W. Moos

The absorption cross sections of the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ ion in the metastable states $^{2}E (\overline{E} \mathrm{and} 2\overline{A})$ of lightly doped ruby (\ensuremath{\sim}0.01%) have been measured as a function of polarization at temperatures of 30, 105, and 296\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in the region from 2300 to 7000 \AA{}. The lifetime of these states was measured by observing the decay rate of the excited-state absorption, and agreed with the value of the measured fluorescence decay rate at various temperatures. The population of the excited states was measured by the change of the area under the first two vibronic sidebands at low temperatures. At room temperature the population was measured by the change of transmitted intensity of a ruby laser.The absorption cross sections of the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ ion in the metastable states $^{2}E (\overline{E} \mathrm{and} 2\overline{A})$ of lightly doped ruby (\ensuremath{\sim}0.01%) have been measured as a function of polarization at temperatures of 30, 105, and 296\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in the region from 2300 to 7000 \AA{}. The lifetime of these states was measured by observing the decay rate of the excited-state absorption, and agreed with the value of the measured fluorescence decay rate at various temperatures. The population of the excited states was measured by the change of the area under the first two vibronic sidebands at low temperatures. At room temperature the population was measured by the change of transmitted intensity of a ruby laser.

Physical ReviewSep 10, 196822 citations

Modified dipole–dipole interactions on optically excited pair transitions

Juan Francisco Lam, Stephen Colby Rand

The absorption of single photons by coupled pairs of ions in rare-earth solids was first observed by Varsanyi and Dieke.1 They noticed that weak absorption of light occurred in PrCl3 at frequencies close to the sum of transition frequencies of individual Pr ions, giving rise to rare-earth fluorescence. This effect was explained by the perturbation theory of Dexter.2 He showed that weak multipole or exchange interactions between rare-earth ions permitted the simultaneous promotion of two ions to excited states by the action of one absorbed photon in an electric dipole allowed transition. Similarly, two ions initially in excited states could emit one sum frequency photon in a cooperative manner.The absorption of single photons by coupled pairs of ions in rare-earth solids was first observed by Varsanyi and Dieke.1 They noticed that weak absorption of light occurred in PrCl3 at frequencies close to the sum of transition frequencies of individual Pr ions, giving rise to rare-earth fluorescence. This effect was explained by the perturbation theory of Dexter.2 He showed that weak multipole or exchange interactions between rare-earth ions permitted the simultaneous promotion of two ions to excited states by the action of one absorbed photon in an electric dipole allowed transition. Similarly, two ions initially in excited states could emit one sum frequency photon in a cooperative manner.

Apr 26, 19870 citations

OPTICAL ABSORPTION SPECTRUM OF EXCITED Cr3+IONS IN YTTRIUM ALUMINUM GARNET

B. K. Sevast’yanov, D. T. Sviridov, V. P. Orekhova +3 more

An investigation was made of the absorption spectrum of Cr 3+ ions in the ground ( 4 A 2 ) and metastable ( 2 E) states, and of the luminescence spectrum of the same ions in Y 3 Al 5 O 12 crystals at 300 and 77°K. The effective absorption cross sections were determined for the 4 A 2 state. The luminescence deexcitation time was found to be 1.5 and 9 msec at 300 and 77°K, respectively. The absorption spectrum of the 2 E state had four wide absorption bands with maxima at 16,700, 23,300, 28,600, and 40,500 cm –1 . The theoretical energy level scheme of Cr 3+ was calculated for Dq = 1725 cm –1 , G = 640 cm –1 , C = 3200 cm –1 , v = 495 cm –1 , and v' = 259 cm –1 , making an allowance for the mixing of the Γ trig S states. The experimentally observed absorption bands were attributed to specific transitions and the theoretical and experimental intensities were compared.An investigation was made of the absorption spectrum of Cr 3+ ions in the ground ( 4 A 2 ) and metastable ( 2 E) states, and of the luminescence spectrum of the same ions in Y 3 Al 5 O 12 crystals at 300 and 77°K. The effective absorption cross sections were determined for the 4 A 2 state. The luminescence deexcitation time was found to be 1.5 and 9 msec at 300 and 77°K, respectively. The absorption spectrum of the 2 E state had four wide absorption bands with maxima at 16,700, 23,300, 28,600, and 40,500 cm –1 . The theoretical energy level scheme of Cr 3+ was calculated for Dq = 1725 cm –1 , G = 640 cm –1 , C = 3200 cm –1 , v = 495 cm –1 , and v' = 259 cm –1 , making an allowance for the mixing of the Γ trig S states. The experimentally observed absorption bands were attributed to specific transitions and the theoretical and experimental intensities were compared.

Soviet Journal of Quantum ElectronicsApr 30, 197313 citations

Absorption and emission involving exchange-coupled nearest-neighbor

{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}

and

{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}

ions have been observed in

{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}

-doped EuAl

{\mathrm{O}}_{3}

at the sum of the chromium

^{2}E_{g}

and europium

^{7}F_{1}

energies. Weak absorption at the difference energy has also been observed. The latter is the inverse of the previously studied europium terminated chromium emission. The intensities of the

{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}

sideband transitions vary with the strength of the exchange-induced electric dipole moment.

Transitions to the states of

{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}

pairs where both ions are excited to the

^{2}E_{g}

levels have been observed in LaAl

{\mathrm{O}}_{3}

{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}

. Of the predicted eight pair levels, three of the

S=0

and one of the

S=1

levels have definitely been identified at approximately twice the

^{2}E_{g}

energy absorption. The remaining transitions either are obscured by the strong vibronic spectrum or are very weak. The polarization of the lines agrees with a model based on the mechanism of exchange-induced electric dipole moment.

We report here a clear observation of photon-assisted off-resonance energy transfer. Our experiment was carried out in crystals of gadolinium aluminate (

{\mathrm{GdAlO}}_{3}

) doped with chromium ions (

{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}

). The observed phenomenon consists of the energy transfer from a

{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}

ion, previously excited to the

^{2}

E state (located at about 13.770 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ above the ground state), to a neighbor

{\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}

ion (which has the first excited state located at about 31.840 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$), with the simultaneous absorption of a photon that energy matches exactly the difference between the gadolinium excited-state energy and the energy supplied by the chromium ion.

The absorption cross sections of the

{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}

ion in the metastable states

^{2}E (\overline{E} \mathrm{and} 2\overline{A})

of lightly doped ruby (\ensuremath{\sim}0.01%) have been measured as a function of polarization at temperatures of 30, 105, and 296\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in the region from 2300 to 7000 \AA{}. The lifetime of these states was measured by observing the decay rate of the excited-state absorption, and agreed with the value of the measured fluorescence decay rate at various temperatures. The population of the excited states was measured by the change of the area under the first two vibronic sidebands at low temperatures. At room temperature the population was measured by the change of transmitted intensity of a ruby laser.