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Physical Review A

Biexciton effect on entangled-photon generation from a strongly coupled quantum-dot–cavity system

Kazunori Shibata, Hiroshi Ajiki

Published Sep 4, 2012• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically investigate polarization-entangled-photon generation by using a quantum dot embedded in a microcavity. In the absence of a biexciton, two of the four Bell states can be generated by applying cross-circularly polarized laser fields because of a cavity quantum electrodynamics effect [Ajiki et al., New J. Phys. 11, 033033 (2009)]. In the presence of the biexciton state, the generation of these Bell states can be forbidden under specific conditions. Furthermore, another type of Bell state can be generated by applying cross-circularly polarized fields. Our results indicate that one can generate three different types of Bell-state photon pairs just by changing the frequencies of the applied fields.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.86.032301

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We theoretically investigate polarization-entangled-photon generation by using a quantum dot embedded in a microcavity. In the absence of a biexciton, two of the four Bell states can be generated by applying cross-circularly polarized laser fields because of a cavity quantum electrodynamics effect [Ajiki et al., New J. Phys. 11, 033033 (2009)]. In the presence of the biexciton state, the generation of these Bell states can be forbidden under specific conditions. Furthermore, another type of Bell state can be generated by applying cross-circularly polarized fields. Our results indicate that one can generate three different types of Bell-state photon pairs just by changing the frequencies of the applied fields.
Theoretical study on entangled photon generation from a quantum dot (QD) embedded in microcavity is briefly reviewed within a strong coupling regime. In this system, entangled photon pairs can be generated through the cascade photon emission via dressed states in the cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED). Excitation levels of a QD are modeled by a V-type three-level system and four-level system including a biexciton. In contrast to the entangled-photon generation until now, all four Bell states can be generated from an identical cavity system by simply selecting applied-field polarizations and frequencies as characteristic features of the CQED. The CQED effects play a crucial role in providing a high degree of entanglement: (i) spectral fi ltering can be used to extract entangled photons due to the vacuum Rabi splitting and (ii) non-entangled co-polarized photons are strongly suppressed due to the photon blockade effect.
Abstract We theoretically study polarization‐entangled photon generation from a single quantum dot in a microcavity. Entangled‐photon pairs with singlet or triplet Bell states are generated in the resonant‐hyperparametric scattering via dressed states in the cavity QED. Although co‐polarized non‐entangled photons are also generated, the generation is dramatically suppressed in the strong‐coupling limit owing to the photon blockade effect. Finite binding energy of biexciton is also important for the generation of photon pairs with high degree of entanglement. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
We propose a new type of entangled-photon generation from a V-type system in a microcavity. In contrast to the entangled-photon generation until now, all four Bell states can be freely generated from an identical cavity system by simply selecting applied-field polarizations and frequencies due to the excitation of dressed states in cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED). CQED effects play a crucial role in providing a high degree of entanglement: (i) spectral filtering can be used to extract entangled photons due to the vacuum Rabi splitting and (ii) non-entangled co-polarized photons are strongly suppressed due to the photon blockade effect. The proposed system efficiently generates a high degree of entangled photons by moderately increasing the applied-field intensity.
We discuss generation of two types of entangled states of two photons: noon state, which is entangled in number and polarization, and polarization-entangled state, which is entangled in polarization and frequency. We consider a single quantum dot coupled with a bimodal cavity in a strong coupling regime. We analyze the effect of exciton–phonon coupling on concurrence of the generated entangled states. We find that for both states, concurrence is maximum in the absence of an anisotropic energy gap between exciton states and remains unchanged in the presence of exciton–phonon coupling. However, for finite anisotropic, energy gap concurrence decreases with increasing temperature of the phonon bath.
A quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal has been recently proposed as a source of entangled photon pairs [R. Johne et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 240404 (2008)]. The biexction decay via intermediate polariton states can be used to overcome the natural splitting between the exciton states coupled to the horizontally and vertically polarized light modes so that high degrees of entanglement can be expected. We investigate theoretically the features of realistic dot-cavity systems, including the effect of the different oscillator strength of excitons resonances coupled to the different polarizations of light. We show that in this case, an independent adjustment of the cavity resonances is needed in order to keep a high entanglement degree. We also consider the case when the biexciton-exciton transition is also strongly coupled to a cavity mode. We show that a very fast emission rate can be achieved allowing the repetition rates close to the terahertz range. Such fast emission should however be paid for by a very complex tuning of the many strongly coupled resonances involved and by a loss of quantum efficiency. Altogether a strongly coupled dot-cavity system seems to be very promising as a source of entangled photon pairs.