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Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU)

Enhanced physical layer security by OFDM signal transmission in fractional Fourier domains

Evren Çatak, Lütfiye Durak-Ata, Hacı Ali Mantar

Published May 1, 2015• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The main idea of physical layer security for wireless communications is making the transmitted signal as meaningless for eavesdroppers. It can be achieved by signal processing techniques. In this study, fractional Fourier transform is used for secure communication. Transmitted signal is divided to equal and random intervals, then each interval was taken fractional Fourier transform with four degrees. In this way, signals can be transmitted with an angle between time and frequency domain. Receiver needs to know which angular parameters are used in each interval for obtaining the signal correctly. It is difficult to obtain signals by eavesdropper without any parameter knowledge. In this study, the bit error rate performances of legitimate users and eavesdropper are compared and the bit error rate performance of eavesdropper becomes close to 0,5.

DOI
10.1109/siu.2015.7130225

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•Jan 1, 2018•1 citation
The main idea of physical layer security for wireless communications is making the transmitted signal as meaningless for eavesdroppers. It can be achieved by signal processing techniques. In this study, fractional Fourier transform is used for secure communication. Transmitted signal is divided to equal and random intervals, then each interval was taken fractional Fourier transform with four degrees. In this way, signals can be transmitted with an angle between time and frequency domain. Receiver needs to know which angular parameters are used in each interval for obtaining the signal correctly. It is difficult to obtain signals by eavesdropper without any parameter knowledge. In this study, the bit error rate performances of legitimate users and eavesdropper are compared and the bit error rate performance of eavesdropper becomes close to 0,5.
This paper proposes a Weighted fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT) based cooperation scheme to improve PHY layer security against eavesdropping in wireless communications. Rather than dissipating valuable transmission power to jam the eavesdropper, by leveraging the features of WFRFT, the information bearing signal can create “Artificial Noise” effect at the eavesdropper while imposing no effect on the legitimate receiver. Specifically, the proposed WFRFT based cooperation is performed in a two-phase manner, whereby the source first broadcasts its message to the intermediate nodes which then perform WFRFT operation to relay the message to the destination, with the objective of boosting the secrecy rate of the source-destination pair. Simulation results are provided, which demonstrate that the WFRFT-based user cooperation scheme can acehieve a significant performance gain, in terms of secrecy ergodic capacity, compared with conventional security-oriented user cooperation schemes.
In this paper, we propose a physical layer secure transmission technology based on multi-components for multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems. The scheme mainly realizes physical layer security (PLS) in General Multi-Fractional Fourier Transform (GMFRFT) signal domain, which is different from traditional schemes that rely on the spatial domain. Different GMFRFT components are transmitted by multiple antennas at the transmitter, then the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper receive the superposition of multiple non-orthogonal components. The resulting mutual interference will reduce the signal-to-interference and noise (SINR) at the eavesdropper, but without affecting the legitimate receiver. Because the legitimate receiver receives the non-contaminated GMFRFT signal due to designing multi-components at the transmitter, while the eavesdropper receives the signal whose constraint relations in the GMFRFT signal domain are destroyed, which will cause the energy loss of the information bearing signal. Furthermore, in order to achieve the maximum secrecy capacity, the selection method of GMFRFT transform order is given to adjust the power allocation among GMFRFT components. Compared with the scheme based on artificial noise (AN), the advantages of our scheme are: 1) our scheme can further reduce the capacity of wiretap channel while not requiring the transmitter to use partial power to transmit meaningless artificial noise signals; 2) our scheme outperforms AN-based schemes when the available spatial degrees of freedom are limited. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the secrecy performance of the proposed scheme.
A novel physical layer security transmission scheme for relay-assisted systems is proposed, utilizing the generalized weighted fractional Fourier transform (GWFRFT). This scheme introduces a multi-component approach to enhance secure transmission, where signals are decomposed into four components with equal power distribution. Different signal components are transmitted by different relay nodes, resulting in the destination and eavesdroppers receiving a superposition of four non-orthogonal signal components. Precoding, combined with the self-interference properties of the components, significantly reduces the achievable rate of the eavesdropping channel, enhancing the secrecy rate. This scheme reduces the performance of eavesdroppers without additional power consumption or computational complexity. The results demonstrate improved security performance and reduced energy consumption compared to artificial noise-based secure transmission methods.
One benefit of 5G network deployment relates to the smaller size of cells allowing low latency and increased users capacity. The downside is that the potential eavesdroppers could be closer to the victim making the security more challenging. So it is clear the need for enhanced privacy protection in the next generation communications systems even for low power/low complexity IoT devices. The last few years there are numerous research efforts to enhance transmitted information security with complementary techniques that operate in physical layer. In this paper we propose a physical layer scheme that complements the security schemes implemented in the upper layers or/and in the physical layer. The proposed scheme takes advantage of the pilot subcarriers that are part of an OFDM transmission. Pilot subcarriers are essential for the pilot channel estimation process performed at the receiver. In conventional OFDM systems the positions of pilot subcarriers are known. In this paper we propose the positions of the subcarriers to change on every OFDM symbol following a probability distribution known only to the legitimate transmitter and legitimate receiver. This puts a passive eavesdropper at a relative disadvantage compared to a legitimate receiver, because it does not know the position of the pilot subcarriers. To evaluate the security performance of the proposed scheme the secrecy capacity and the outage probability are used as metrics.
In this paper, weighted fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT) is employed to safeguard the physical layer (PHY) security of wireless communications. By leveraging the features of WFRFT, we propose a PHY security modulation scheme, which significantly degrades the equivalent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the unauthorized receiver while imposing no impact on the legitimate receiver. With the proposed scheme, a robust nonzero secrecy capacity can be guaranteed. Moreover, the proposed scheme can conceal the actual modulation paradigms to prevent malicious signal detection, due to the variation in signal characteristics. A higher order statistics (HOS) based classifier is used to investigate the anti- recognition performance. Meanwhile, the secrecy performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of both secrecy capacity and average bit error rate (BER) by numerical simulations. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, an all-digital field programmable gate array (FPGA) based prototype system is developed to validate the practicability of the proposed scheme.
Information security has been a very important issue in wireless networks. With the ever-increasing amount of data being exchanged over wireless networks, the confidentiality of information needs to be protected from unauthorized users called eavesdropper. Due to the broadcast nature of the wireless medium, the transmissions between legitimate users maybe overheard and intercepted by the unauthorized parties, which makes wireless transmission vulnerable to potential eavesdropping attacks. The security of wireless communications plays an increasingly important role in the cybercrime defense against unauthorized activities. We consider the wireless physical layer security which has been explored for the sake of enhancing the protection of wireless communications against eavesdroppers. We consider the problem of secret communication through Rayleigh fading channel in the presence of an eavesdropper in which the transmitter knows the channel state information of both the main and eavesdropper channel. Then, we analyze the average capacity of the main channel and eavesdropper channel from which an expression of secrecy capacity is derived based on the cumulative distribution function and probability density function of the signal to noise ratio. We also analyze an expression for the symbol error rate of the main channel, and the outage probability is obtained for the main transmission. Finally, we perform the numerical results in MATLAB.