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Safeguarding Physical Layer Security Using Weighted Fractional Fourier Transform

Xiaojie Fang, Xuanli Wu, Ning Zhang, Xuejun Sha, Xuemin Shen

Published Dec 1, 2016• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, weighted fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT) is employed to safeguard the physical layer (PHY) security of wireless communications. By leveraging the features of WFRFT, we propose a PHY security modulation scheme, which significantly degrades the equivalent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the unauthorized receiver while imposing no impact on the legitimate receiver. With the proposed scheme, a robust nonzero secrecy capacity can be guaranteed. Moreover, the proposed scheme can conceal the actual modulation paradigms to prevent malicious signal detection, due to the variation in signal characteristics. A higher order statistics (HOS) based classifier is used to investigate the anti- recognition performance. Meanwhile, the secrecy performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of both secrecy capacity and average bit error rate (BER) by numerical simulations. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, an all-digital field programmable gate array (FPGA) based prototype system is developed to validate the practicability of the proposed scheme.

DOI
10.1109/glocom.2016.7842239

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In this paper, weighted fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT) is employed to safeguard the physical layer (PHY) security of wireless communications. By leveraging the features of WFRFT, we propose a PHY security modulation scheme, which significantly degrades the equivalent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the unauthorized receiver while imposing no impact on the legitimate receiver. With the proposed scheme, a robust nonzero secrecy capacity can be guaranteed. Moreover, the proposed scheme can conceal the actual modulation paradigms to prevent malicious signal detection, due to the variation in signal characteristics. A higher order statistics (HOS) based classifier is used to investigate the anti- recognition performance. Meanwhile, the secrecy performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of both secrecy capacity and average bit error rate (BER) by numerical simulations. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, an all-digital field programmable gate array (FPGA) based prototype system is developed to validate the practicability of the proposed scheme.
This paper proposes a Weighted fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT) based cooperation scheme to improve PHY layer security against eavesdropping in wireless communications. Rather than dissipating valuable transmission power to jam the eavesdropper, by leveraging the features of WFRFT, the information bearing signal can create “Artificial Noise” effect at the eavesdropper while imposing no effect on the legitimate receiver. Specifically, the proposed WFRFT based cooperation is performed in a two-phase manner, whereby the source first broadcasts its message to the intermediate nodes which then perform WFRFT operation to relay the message to the destination, with the objective of boosting the secrecy rate of the source-destination pair. Simulation results are provided, which demonstrate that the WFRFT-based user cooperation scheme can acehieve a significant performance gain, in terms of secrecy ergodic capacity, compared with conventional security-oriented user cooperation schemes.
A weighted fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT) based on channel state information (CSI), aiming to safeguard the physical (PHY) layer security of wireless communication system, is proposed. With the proposed scheme, WFRFT is first applied to satellite communications such that the transmitted signal is distorted and can only be neutralized by inverse‐WFRFT with the same parameter. Moreover, by exploiting the physical properties of wireless channels, the CSI matrix is transformed as a secret key. In addition, by adding phase rotation (PR) factors to each branch of the WFRFT system, a new unitary matrix with the encryption properties is constructed, and hence, the satellite communications secrecy is reliably guaranteed due to the variation in signal characteristics. Finally, the efficacy of the security enhancement is evaluated in terms of the average bit error rate (BER) and the secrecy capacity. Simulation results show that the proposed encryption method can make the detection and demodulation more difficult for the eavesdropper.
In this paper, a weighted fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT) based cooperative overlay system, aiming to guarantee physical layer (PHY) security, is proposed. The paper elaborates how WFRFT and physical layer properties of the wireless medium are collaborated to guarantee the secrecy of wireless transmissions. In the proposed system, WFRFT is first preform on the secret data, such that the transmitted signal is distorted and can only be neutralized by inverse-WFRFT with the same parameter. And then two streams of the transformed sequences that bearing different messages are cooperatively and simultaneously transmitted to two legitimate receivers via a beamforming-liked method, respectively. In general, both the rapid spatial decorrelation property and the inherent security features of WFRFT are leveraged, such that only the eavesdropper's is degraded, and hence, the wireless communication secrecy is reliably guaranteed. Numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed system in terms of the average bit error rate and the secrecy capacity.
In this paper, a weighted fractional Fourier transform(WFRFT) based cooperative overlay system, aiming to guarantee physical layer(PHY) security, is proposed. The paper elaborates how WFRFT and physical layer properties of the wireless medium are collaborated to guarantee the secrecy of wireless transmissions. In the proposed system, WFRFT is first preform on the secret data, such that the transmitted signal is distorted and can only be neutralized by inverse-WFRFT with the same parameter. And then two streams of the transformed sequences that bearing different messages are cooperatively and simultaneously transmitted to two legitimate receivers via a beamforming-liked method, respectively. In general, both the rapid spatial decorrelation property and the inherent security features of WFRFT are leveraged, such that only the eavesdropper’s is degraded, and hence, the wireless communication secrecy is reliably guaranteed. Numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed system in terms of the average bit error rate and the secrecy capacity.
In this paper, a two-dimensional weighted fractional Fourier transform (2DWFRFT) based secure spatial modulation (SM) scheme is proposed to enhance the physical layer security (PLS) of the wireless communication system. In the proposed scheme, 2DWFRFT is implemented as the security kernel for PLS provision. The invertibility and uniqueness of the 2DWFRFT effectively protect the confidential messages from being intercepted by the eavesdroppers while imposing no performance degradation on the legitimate receiver. Both the signal generation strategy and the ergodic secrecy rate analysis under discrete-input continuous-output memoryless (DCMC) channel have been elaborated to depict the security mechanism of the proposed scheme. The maximum likelihood (ML) detector and the separate detection (SD) algorithm are formulated to correctly recover the received signal of our system. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve a much higher secrecy capacity than artificial noise schemes without requiring additional jamming power consumption.
In this paper, we propose a novel user cooperation scheme based on weighted fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT), to enhance the physical (PHY) layer security of wireless transmissions against eavesdropping. Specifically, instead of dissipating additional transmission power for friendly jamming, by leveraging the features of WFRFT, the information bearing signal of cooperators can create an identical artificial noise effect at the eavesdropper while causing no performance degradation on the legitimate receiver. Furthermore, to form the cooperation set in an autonomous and distributed manner, we model WFRFT-based PHY-layer security cooperation problem as a coalitional game with non-transferable utility. A distributed merge-and-split algorithm is devised to facilitate the autonomous coalition formation to maximize the security capacity while accounting for the cooperation cost in terms of power consumption. We analyze the stability of the proposed algorithm and also investigate how the network topology efficiently adapts to the mobility of intermediate nodes. Simulation results demonstrate that the WFRFT-based user cooperation scheme leads to a significant performance advantage, in terms of secrecy ergodic capacity, compared with the conventional security-oriented user cooperation schemes, such as relay-jamming and cluster-beamforming.