Four-dimensional reality makes the world more coherent – Toward an understandable model of hidden variables

C. W. Rietdijk

Gary Heen

In this paper a 'hidden variables' interpretation of the quantum world is presented. A hidden variables explanation assumes current quantum mechanical theories are imperfect in that they do not incorporate a physical reality to the quantum world. At the Solvay conference of 1927, Louis De Broglie presented a hypothesis which was to be the forerunner to hidden variables theory: at the quantum level, a 'matter wave' steered particles. Under the powerful influence of Neils Bohr, Louis De Broglie's matter wave was disregarded in favor of the 'Copenhagen Interpretation' championed by Bohr himself, and the Copenhagen interpretation became the de facto accepted theory of quantum mechanics. In 1932, John Von Neumann presented a supposed that no hidden variables theory could properly describe the quantum world. He was first shown to be wrong by Grete Hermann, but she was largely ignored do to Neumann's immense stature as a mathematician. Later in 1966, John Bell further established that the proof was flawed, and the hidden variables interpretation has since seen a renewal of interest amongst researchers. The model presented in this paper incorporates d-branes and Type I strings into a hidden variables quantum structure; this physical structure can be interpreted as both 10-dimensional and 11- dimensional, and is designated: the D-string.

Abner Shimony

Spiros Koutandos

This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical framework proposing that our observable three-dimensional world is a projection of five-dimensional processes onto a hyperspherical surface. After 35 years of extensive research into the hidden variables of quantum mechanics, we propose that mass-induced curvature creates a four-dimensional hypersphere that acts as a "mirror of reality," with the fifth dimension existing beyond this boundary. This framework offers novel explanations for quantum phenomena including wave-particle duality, wavefunction collapse, quantum entanglement, and the probabilistic nature of quantum measurements. By conceptualizing the present moment as a spherical hypersurface of simultaneity that functions as a reflective boundary, we provide geometric interpretations for quantum mechanical behaviors that have long puzzled physicists. The model assigns thermodynamic quantities to probability amplitudes and various quantum observables, potentially bridging quantum mechanics with classical physics through geometric principles.

Casey Blood

The linear mathematics of quantum mechanics gives many versions of reality instead of the single version we perceive, with the perceived version chosen at random according to a probability law. Because of these peculiarities, the theory requires an interpretation to be fully understood. Over 50 years ago, Everett proposed in his many-worlds interpretation that these characteristics could be accounted for if the mathematics itself, with no collapse or hidden variables, was carefully analyzed. We show this is incorrect; the linear mathematics cannot account for the probability law. Thus the many-worlds interpretation is not viable. Some mechanism, such as collapse or hidden variables, must be added to obtain a satisfactory understanding of the physical universe.