Physical Review

g Factors of the 6s5d Configuration of Atomic Barium

Gilbert O. Brink, Robert J. Hull

Published Mar 5, 1969• 5 citations

Abstract

The four metastable states of atomic barium comprising the $6s5d$ configuration have been studied by atomic-beam magnetic resonance, and information concerning their $g$ factors has been obtained. Data from this work agree with that obtained recently by v. Oppen using a different method, and agreement is also obtained with theory.

DOI: 10.1103/physrev.179.43

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Physical Review

g Factors of the 6s5d Configuration of Atomic Barium

Gilbert O. Brink, Robert J. Hull

Published Mar 5, 1969• 5 citations

Publisher

Abstract

The four metastable states of atomic barium comprising the

6s5d

configuration have been studied by atomic-beam magnetic resonance, and information concerning their

g

factors has been obtained. Data from this work agree with that obtained recently by v. Oppen using a different method, and agreement is also obtained with theory.

DOI: 10.1103/physrev.179.43

Related papers

Observation of the F3 metastable states of neutral barium

Stephen G. Schmelling, Gilbert O. Brink

The $^{3}F$ metastable states of the $5{d}^{2}$ configuration of neutral barium have been observed in an atomic beam. As far as can be determined from the literature, these states have not been observed previously. Their $g$ factors have been measured, and the transmission characteristics of the apparatus indicate a lifetime of at least ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ sec.The $^{3}F$ metastable states of the $5{d}^{2}$ configuration of neutral barium have been observed in an atomic beam. As far as can be determined from the literature, these states have not been observed previously. Their $g$ factors have been measured, and the transmission characteristics of the apparatus indicate a lifetime of at least ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ sec.

Physical Review ADec 1, 19759 citations

gJ factor of metastable S25 atomic oxygen using a time-of-flight, atomic-beam magnetic-resonance method

Tuncay Incesu, Ahsanul Huq, Howard A. Shugart

A time-of-flight, atomic-beam magnetic-resonance method was used to compare the ${g}_{J}$ factor of $2{p}^{3}3s^{5}S_{2}$ atomic oxygen with the ${g}_{J}$ factor of metastable $2^{3}S_{1}$ atomic helium in magnetic fields of 3209 and 4228 G. The metastable oxygen and helium atoms were produced in a pulsed radio-frequency discharge source and after traversing the apparatus were detected by electron emission from a tungsten surface. By collecting data only in a given interval of the time-of-flight distribution the $\mathrm{O}(^{5}S)$ and $\mathrm{He}(^{3}S)$ states were isolated from other discharge products. From 158 pairs of resonances taken with four relative field and hairpin orientations the atomic magnetic $g$ factor is ${g}_{J}(^{5}S_{2}, ^{16}\mathrm{O})=\frac{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{J}}{J}=\ensuremath{-}2.0020910(10)$.A time-of-flight, atomic-beam magnetic-resonance method was used to compare the ${g}_{J}$ factor of $2{p}^{3}3s^{5}S_{2}$ atomic oxygen with the ${g}_{J}$ factor of metastable $2^{3}S_{1}$ atomic helium in magnetic fields of 3209 and 4228 G. The metastable oxygen and helium atoms were produced in a pulsed radio-frequency discharge source and after traversing the apparatus were detected by electron emission from a tungsten surface. By collecting data only in a given interval of the time-of-flight distribution the $\mathrm{O}(^{5}S)$ and $\mathrm{He}(^{3}S)$ states were isolated from other discharge products. From 158 pairs of resonances taken with four relative field and hairpin orientations the atomic magnetic $g$ factor is ${g}_{J}(^{5}S_{2}, ^{16}\mathrm{O})=\frac{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{J}}{J}=\ensuremath{-}2.0020910(10)$.

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We describe a set of experiments that investigate diffusion of barium 6s5d ${\mathrm{}}^{3}$ ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{J}}$ metastable level and 6 ${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{}}^{1}$ ${\mathit{S}}_{0}$ ground-state atoms through the noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. The barium metastable levels were populated through optical pumping of the 6 ${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{}}^{1}$ ${\mathit{S}}_{0}$ \ensuremath{\rightarrow}6s6p ${\mathrm{}}^{3}$ ${\mathit{P}}_{1}^{\mathit{o}}$ intercombination transition with a pulsed laser, followed by spontaneous or stimulated emission into the 6s5d ${\mathrm{}}^{3}$ ${\mathit{D}}_{1,2}$ levels. Collisional mixing then distributed population throughout the 6s5d ${\mathrm{}}^{3}$ ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{J}}$ levels. A weak narrow-band cw laser was tuned to appropriate transitions to probe the spatial distribution of metastable level atoms, as well as the hole created in the ground-state spatial distribution, by the pulsed laser. Time-dependent absorption coefficients were obtained by measuring the transmission of the probe laser at several different pump-probe spatial separations. From these absorption data, spatial number density profiles were mapped out for various times following the firing of the pump laser. These density profiles were used to determine the diffusion coefficient for each state at a particular buffer-gas pressure and temperature. From these pressure- and temperature-dependent diffusion coefficients D, we determined the thermally averaged diffusion cross sections ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{D}}$(6s5d ${\mathrm{}}^{3}$ ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{J}}$ ) and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{D}}$(6 ${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{}}^{1}$ ${\mathit{S}}_{0}$ ) for the metastable and ground-state atoms diffusing through the noble gases, respectively. We also report values for the scaled standard diffusion coefficients ${\mathit{D}}_{0}$ . Our experimental values of the thermally averaged diffusion cross sections ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{D}}$(6s5d ${\mathrm{}}^{3}$ ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{J}}$ ) and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{D}}$(6 ${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{}}^{1}$ ${\mathit{S}}_{0}$ ) for the barium-helium system are compared with values calculated from published, theoretical barium-helium potentials and the agreement is excellent. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.We describe a set of experiments that investigate diffusion of barium 6s5d${\mathrm{}}^{3}$${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{J}}$ metastable level and 6${\mathit{s}}^{2}$${\mathrm{}}^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$ ground-state atoms through the noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. The barium metastable levels were populated through optical pumping of the 6${\mathit{s}}^{2}$${\mathrm{}}^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6s6p${\mathrm{}}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}^{\mathit{o}}$ intercombination transition with a pulsed laser, followed by spontaneous or stimulated emission into the 6s5d${\mathrm{}}^{3}$${\mathit{D}}_{1,2}$ levels. Collisional mixing then distributed population throughout the 6s5d${\mathrm{}}^{3}$${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{J}}$ levels. A weak narrow-band cw laser was tuned to appropriate transitions to probe the spatial distribution of metastable level atoms, as well as the hole created in the ground-state spatial distribution, by the pulsed laser. Time-dependent absorption coefficients were obtained by measuring the transmission of the probe laser at several different pump-probe spatial separations. From these absorption data, spatial number density profiles were mapped out for various times following the firing of the pump laser. These density profiles were used to determine the diffusion coefficient for each state at a particular buffer-gas pressure and temperature. From these pressure- and temperature-dependent diffusion coefficients D, we determined the thermally averaged diffusion cross sections ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{D}}$(6s5d${\mathrm{}}^{3}$${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{J}}$) and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{D}}$(6${\mathit{s}}^{2}$${\mathrm{}}^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$) for the metastable and ground-state atoms diffusing through the noble gases, respectively. We also report values for the scaled standard diffusion coefficients ${\mathit{D}}_{0}$. Our experimental values of the thermally averaged diffusion cross sections ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{D}}$(6s5d${\mathrm{}}^{3}$${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{J}}$) and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{D}}$(6${\mathit{s}}^{2}$${\mathrm{}}^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$) for the barium-helium system are compared with values calculated from published, theoretical barium-helium potentials and the agreement is excellent. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

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Robert Novick, G. F. Sprott, Thomas B. Lucatorto

The lowest Rb metastable autoionizing level has been identified by a rf resonance measurement of the g factors of the various hyperfine sublevels. Of the two lowest-lying metastable state assignments, $4{p}^{5}(^{2}P)5s5p(^{3}P)^{4}D_{\frac{7}{2}}$ and $4{p}^{5}4d(^{3}F)5s^{4}F_{\frac{9}{2}}$ , only components of the $^{4}D_{\frac{7}{2}}$ were observed in the metastable beam. The atomic-beam resonance method employed resembles traditional methods except that it exploits the differential metastability of the fine-structure levels instead of magnetic deflection for state selection.The lowest Rb metastable autoionizing level has been identified by a rf resonance measurement of the g factors of the various hyperfine sublevels. Of the two lowest-lying metastable state assignments, $4{p}^{5}(^{2}P)5s5p(^{3}P)^{4}D_{\frac{7}{2}}$ and $4{p}^{5}4d(^{3}F)5s^{4}F_{\frac{9}{2}}$, only components of the $^{4}D_{\frac{7}{2}}$ were observed in the metastable beam. The atomic-beam resonance method employed resembles traditional methods except that it exploits the differential metastability of the fine-structure levels instead of magnetic deflection for state selection.

Physical Review AJul 1, 19764 citations

The four metastable states of atomic barium comprising the

6s5d

configuration have been studied by atomic-beam magnetic resonance, and information concerning their

g

factors has been obtained. Data from this work agree with that obtained recently by v. Oppen using a different method, and agreement is also obtained with theory.

The

^{3}F

metastable states of the

5{d}^{2}

configuration of neutral barium have been observed in an atomic beam. As far as can be determined from the literature, these states have not been observed previously. Their

g

factors have been measured, and the transmission characteristics of the apparatus indicate a lifetime of at least ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ sec.

A time-of-flight, atomic-beam magnetic-resonance method was used to compare the

{g}_{J}

factor of

2{p}^{3}3s^{5}S_{2}

atomic oxygen with the

{g}_{J}

factor of metastable

2^{3}S_{1}

atomic helium in magnetic fields of 3209 and 4228 G. The metastable oxygen and helium atoms were produced in a pulsed radio-frequency discharge source and after traversing the apparatus were detected by electron emission from a tungsten surface. By collecting data only in a given interval of the time-of-flight distribution the

\mathrm{O}(^{5}S)

and

\mathrm{He}(^{3}S)

states were isolated from other discharge products. From 158 pairs of resonances taken with four relative field and hairpin orientations the atomic magnetic

g

factor is ${g}_{J}(^{5}S_{2}, ^{16}\mathrm{O})=\frac{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{J}}{J}=\ensuremath{-}2.0020910(10)$.

We describe a set of experiments that investigate diffusion of barium 6s5d

{\mathrm{}}^{3}

{\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{J}}

metastable level and 6

{\mathit{s}}^{2}

{\mathrm{}}^{1}

{\mathit{S}}_{0}

ground-state atoms through the noble gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. The barium metastable levels were populated through optical pumping of the 6

{\mathit{s}}^{2}

{\mathrm{}}^{1}

{\mathit{S}}_{0}

\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6s6p

{\mathrm{}}^{3}

{\mathit{P}}_{1}^{\mathit{o}}

intercombination transition with a pulsed laser, followed by spontaneous or stimulated emission into the 6s5d

{\mathrm{}}^{3}

{\mathit{D}}_{1,2}

levels. Collisional mixing then distributed population throughout the 6s5d

{\mathrm{}}^{3}

{\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{J}}

levels. A weak narrow-band cw laser was tuned to appropriate transitions to probe the spatial distribution of metastable level atoms, as well as the hole created in the ground-state spatial distribution, by the pulsed laser. Time-dependent absorption coefficients were obtained by measuring the transmission of the probe laser at several different pump-probe spatial separations. From these absorption data, spatial number density profiles were mapped out for various times following the firing of the pump laser. These density profiles were used to determine the diffusion coefficient for each state at a particular buffer-gas pressure and temperature. From these pressure- and temperature-dependent diffusion coefficients D, we determined the thermally averaged diffusion cross sections ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{D}}$(6s5d

{\mathrm{}}^{3}

{\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{J}}

) and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{D}}$(6

{\mathit{s}}^{2}

{\mathrm{}}^{1}

{\mathit{S}}_{0}

) for the metastable and ground-state atoms diffusing through the noble gases, respectively. We also report values for the scaled standard diffusion coefficients

{\mathit{D}}_{0}

. Our experimental values of the thermally averaged diffusion cross sections ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{D}}$(6s5d

{\mathrm{}}^{3}

{\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{J}}

) and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathit{D}}$(6

{\mathit{s}}^{2}

{\mathrm{}}^{1}

{\mathit{S}}_{0}

) for the barium-helium system are compared with values calculated from published, theoretical barium-helium potentials and the agreement is excellent. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

4{p}^{5}(^{2}P)5s5p(^{3}P)^{4}D_{\frac{7}{2}}

and

4{p}^{5}4d(^{3}F)5s^{4}F_{\frac{9}{2}}

, only components of the

^{4}D_{\frac{7}{2}}

were observed in the metastable beam. The atomic-beam resonance method employed resembles traditional methods except that it exploits the differential metastability of the fine-structure levels instead of magnetic deflection for state selection.