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Chinese Physics B

Single-photon modulation spectrum

Yan Liu, Bo Yu, Bo He, Guofeng Zhang, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia

Published Jan 1, 2014• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a robust method of single-photon modulation by directly modulating the single photons and observe its frequency spectrum. Compared with conventional photon counting technique, the single-photon modulation spectrum shows that the method could not only realize high-frequency modulation but also obtain higher signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, the theoretical calculations show good agreement with the experimental results.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/23/1/010101

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We experimentally study the high-resolution two-photon spectroscopy of rubidium using a single laser. The 5S1/2 − 5P3/2 − 5D5/2 transition is realized via 778.1 nm laser beams acting on the vapor with a counter-propagating configuration. The intensity modulation method is employed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrum by two orders of magnitude compared with that for direct measurement. The effects of the vapor temperature, the frequency-scanning speed of the laser, the polarization combination of the laser beams, and the laser power on the spectra are investigated to obtain the optimal experimental parameters. This research is expected to be beneficial for potential applications since it can be used to realize a compact and high-precision frequency standard for optical communication.
Photon counting has been widely used in weak light even to single photon detection.However,the Shot noise of photon-counting N for Poisson statistics seriously affects the sensitivity.A method using wavelength modulation spectroscopy technique to improve signal-to-noise ratio of photon-counting is presented.The light from an external cavity diode laser is wavelength modulated and then chopped to a series of laser pulses by using a acoustic-optical modulator,the counts of fluorescence photon are recorded and then converted to an analog signal.The analog signal is added to a lock-in amplifier for harmonic demodulation using lock-in method.The fluorescence spectrum is the 6S_1/2(F=4)→6P_3/2 transition of Cs D_2 line and the detected probability of photon is 35%.The experimental demonstration has achieved a 51 dB signal-to-noise improvement factor in 2f harmonic detection.The minimum detectable count here is 3×10-4 with the residual noise 7.54 μV.The results show a potential application in fluorescence detection of cold molecules or single molecule.