Physical Review Letters

Measurement of the Rb- Xe131 Spin-Exchange Cross Section in Xe131 Relaxation Studies

C. H. Volk, Taeg M. KWON, J. G. Mark, Yun Kim, J. C. Woo

Published Jan 21, 1980• 21 citations

Abstract

Estimates of the Rb-$^{131}\mathrm{Xe}$ spin-exchange cross section have been obtained by observing the nuclear spin relaxation of $^{131}\mathrm{Xe}$ in the presence of a Rb vapor. Nuclear spin relaxation of $^{131}\mathrm{Xe}$ due to the presence of a foreign buffer gas and the relaxation rate on the glass walls of the cell have also been observed.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.44.136

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Measurement of the Rb87 - Xe129 spin-exchange cross section

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Physical Review Letters

Measurement of the Rb- Xe131 Spin-Exchange Cross Section in Xe131 Relaxation Studies

C. H. Volk, Taeg M. KWON, J. G. Mark, Yun Kim, J. C. Woo

Published Jan 21, 1980• 21 citations

Publisher

Abstract

Estimates of the Rb-

^{131}\mathrm{Xe}

spin-exchange cross section have been obtained by observing the nuclear spin relaxation of

^{131}\mathrm{Xe}

in the presence of a Rb vapor. Nuclear spin relaxation of

^{131}\mathrm{Xe}

due to the presence of a foreign buffer gas and the relaxation rate on the glass walls of the cell have also been observed.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.44.136

Related papers

Measurement of the Rb87 - Xe129 spin-exchange cross section

C. H. Volk, Taeg M. KWON, J. G. Mark

The $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ - $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ spin-exchange cross section has been measured in ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ buffered cells as a function of the ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ density using an alkali vapor magnetometer technique. The strong dependence of the spin-exchange cross section on the ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ density indicates a significant role for the Rb-Xe van der Waals molecule in the spin-exchange process. Our data have allowed us to estimate the Rb-Xe molecular formation rate, which is in reasonable agreement with previous measurements. The extrapolated binary spin-exchange cross-section term is found to be ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{ex}}{\overline{V}}^{2}=1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{4}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$.The $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$-$^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ spin-exchange cross section has been measured in ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ buffered cells as a function of the ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ density using an alkali vapor magnetometer technique. The strong dependence of the spin-exchange cross section on the ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ density indicates a significant role for the Rb-Xe van der Waals molecule in the spin-exchange process. Our data have allowed us to estimate the Rb-Xe molecular formation rate, which is in reasonable agreement with previous measurements. The extrapolated binary spin-exchange cross-section term is found to be ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{ex}}{\overline{V}}^{2}=1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{4}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$.

Physical Review AMay 1, 198074 citations

Measurement of the nuclear spin relaxation of 131 Xe in 87 Rb atoms

Liu Zidong, Sun Xian-ping, Zeng Xi-zhi +1 more

Chinese Physics LettersSep 1, 19901 citation

Quadrupole nuclear spin relaxation of Xe 131 in the presence of rubidium vapor

Taeg M. KWON, J. G. Mark, C. H. Volk

Nuclear spin relaxation of $^{131}\mathrm{Xe}$ produced by collisions of the xenon atoms with the walls of the experimental cell has been studied. The xenon nuclear ensemble is polarized through spin-exchange collisions with an optically oriented rubidium vapor. Depolarization of the $^{131}\mathrm{Xe}$ ensemble in the wall collisions is assumed to be due to the quadrupole coupling between the $^{131}\mathrm{Xe}$ nucleus and the electric field gradients which appear at the nucleus during collisions of the atoms with the cell walls. Model equations describing the nuclear relaxation are derived and estimates of the electric field gradients are given.Nuclear spin relaxation of $^{131}\mathrm{Xe}$ produced by collisions of the xenon atoms with the walls of the experimental cell has been studied. The xenon nuclear ensemble is polarized through spin-exchange collisions with an optically oriented rubidium vapor. Depolarization of the $^{131}\mathrm{Xe}$ ensemble in the wall collisions is assumed to be due to the quadrupole coupling between the $^{131}\mathrm{Xe}$ nucleus and the electric field gradients which appear at the nucleus during collisions of the atoms with the cell walls. Model equations describing the nuclear relaxation are derived and estimates of the electric field gradients are given.

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The experimental determination of the nuclear spin relaxation of129Xe

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Spin-exchange collisions between polarized 87 Rb atoms and unpolarized 129 Xe nuclei have been used to produce nuclear spin polarized 129 Xe. Measurements of the longitudinal relaxation rate of 129 Xe nuclear polarization have been carried out in a 5.7G magnetic field. The present results show that the nuclear spin relaxation rate of 129 Xe in 87 Rb vapor is proportional to the density of the 87 Rb atoms, and the nuclear spin relaxation rates of 129 Xe induced by the 87 Rb atoms depend on the pressure of the buffer gas N 2 .Spin-exchange collisions between polarized 87 Rb atoms and unpolarized 129 Xe nuclei have been used to produce nuclear spin polarized 129 Xe. Measurements of the longitudinal relaxation rate of 129 Xe nuclear polarization have been carried out in a 5.7G magnetic field. The present results show that the nuclear spin relaxation rate of 129 Xe in 87 Rb vapor is proportional to the density of the 87 Rb atoms, and the nuclear spin relaxation rates of 129 Xe induced by the 87 Rb atoms depend on the pressure of the buffer gas N 2 .

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Spin-Exchange Cross Section for Rb85 - Rb87 Collisions

Steven Jarrett

The spin-exchange cross section for ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$ - ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ collisions has been measured to be (1.70\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.21)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ using the techniques of optical pumping and an interferometric method for measuring the Rb vapor density. The ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ constituent in a vapor of natural Rb was polarized through absorption of circularly polarized resonance radiation, and the ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ polarization was partially transferred to the ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$ constituent through spin-exchange collisions. A phenomenological theory of the optical pumping plus the exchange polarization process which neglects nuclear spin was used to relate the cross section to the ratio of the signal strengths for the ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ and ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$ Zeeman resonances, the relaxation time, and the ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ vapor density. The density was measured by comparing spectral profiles of the resonance radiation transmitted through the optical pumping cell at room temperature with the resonance radiation transmitted at the temperature at which the signal strengths were measured. These spectral profiles were obtained through use of a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer.The spin-exchange cross section for ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$-${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ collisions has been measured to be (1.70\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.21)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ using the techniques of optical pumping and an interferometric method for measuring the Rb vapor density. The ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ constituent in a vapor of natural Rb was polarized through absorption of circularly polarized resonance radiation, and the ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ polarization was partially transferred to the ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$ constituent through spin-exchange collisions. A phenomenological theory of the optical pumping plus the exchange polarization process which neglects nuclear spin was used to relate the cross section to the ratio of the signal strengths for the ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ and ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$ Zeeman resonances, the relaxation time, and the ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$ vapor density. The density was measured by comparing spectral profiles of the resonance radiation transmitted through the optical pumping cell at room temperature with the resonance radiation transmitted at the temperature at which the signal strengths were measured. These spectral profiles were obtained through use of a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer.

Physical ReviewJan 6, 196436 citations

Measurement of spin-exchange rate constants between Xe129 and alkali metals

Wenjin Shao, Guodong Wang, E. W. Hughes

By measuring the relaxation rates of the nuclear spin polarization of $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ in the presence of alkali-metal vapor at different densities, we have extracted the spin-exchange rates between $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ and the three alkali metals K, Rb, and Cs. By studying the alkali-metal-- $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ spin-exchange rates as functions of the cell number density from 0.2 to 0.7 amagat, the binary collision and van der Waals molecular terms are separated, and constants governing both mechanisms are determined. The results from our work can be used to optimize the parameter space for polarizing $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ , a promising agent for magnetic resonance imaging and other applications.By measuring the relaxation rates of the nuclear spin polarization of $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ in the presence of alkali-metal vapor at different densities, we have extracted the spin-exchange rates between $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ and the three alkali metals K, Rb, and Cs. By studying the alkali-metal--$^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$ spin-exchange rates as functions of the cell number density from 0.2 to 0.7 amagat, the binary collision and van der Waals molecular terms are separated, and constants governing both mechanisms are determined. The results from our work can be used to optimize the parameter space for polarizing $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$, a promising agent for magnetic resonance imaging and other applications.

Physical Review AAug 17, 200525 citations

Estimates of the Rb-

^{131}\mathrm{Xe}

spin-exchange cross section have been obtained by observing the nuclear spin relaxation of

^{131}\mathrm{Xe}

in the presence of a Rb vapor. Nuclear spin relaxation of

^{131}\mathrm{Xe}

due to the presence of a foreign buffer gas and the relaxation rate on the glass walls of the cell have also been observed.

The

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

^{129}\mathrm{Xe}

spin-exchange cross section has been measured in

{\mathrm{N}}_{2}

buffered cells as a function of the

{\mathrm{N}}_{2}

density using an alkali vapor magnetometer technique. The strong dependence of the spin-exchange cross section on the

{\mathrm{N}}_{2}

density indicates a significant role for the Rb-Xe van der Waals molecule in the spin-exchange process. Our data have allowed us to estimate the Rb-Xe molecular formation rate, which is in reasonable agreement with previous measurements. The extrapolated binary spin-exchange cross-section term is found to be ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{ex}}{\overline{V}}^{2}=1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$

{\mathrm{cm}}^{4}

${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$.

Nuclear spin relaxation of

^{131}\mathrm{Xe}

produced by collisions of the xenon atoms with the walls of the experimental cell has been studied. The xenon nuclear ensemble is polarized through spin-exchange collisions with an optically oriented rubidium vapor. Depolarization of the

^{131}\mathrm{Xe}

ensemble in the wall collisions is assumed to be due to the quadrupole coupling between the

^{131}\mathrm{Xe}

nucleus and the electric field gradients which appear at the nucleus during collisions of the atoms with the cell walls. Model equations describing the nuclear relaxation are derived and estimates of the electric field gradients are given.

The spin-exchange cross section for

{\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}

{\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}

collisions has been measured to be (1.70\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.21)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$

{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}

using the techniques of optical pumping and an interferometric method for measuring the Rb vapor density. The

{\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}

constituent in a vapor of natural Rb was polarized through absorption of circularly polarized resonance radiation, and the

{\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}

polarization was partially transferred to the

{\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}

constituent through spin-exchange collisions. A phenomenological theory of the optical pumping plus the exchange polarization process which neglects nuclear spin was used to relate the cross section to the ratio of the signal strengths for the

{\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}

and

{\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}

Zeeman resonances, the relaxation time, and the

{\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}

vapor density. The density was measured by comparing spectral profiles of the resonance radiation transmitted through the optical pumping cell at room temperature with the resonance radiation transmitted at the temperature at which the signal strengths were measured. These spectral profiles were obtained through use of a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer.

By measuring the relaxation rates of the nuclear spin polarization of

^{129}\mathrm{Xe}

in the presence of alkali-metal vapor at different densities, we have extracted the spin-exchange rates between

^{129}\mathrm{Xe}

and the three alkali metals K, Rb, and Cs. By studying the alkali-metal--

^{129}\mathrm{Xe}

spin-exchange rates as functions of the cell number density from 0.2 to 0.7 amagat, the binary collision and van der Waals molecular terms are separated, and constants governing both mechanisms are determined. The results from our work can be used to optimize the parameter space for polarizing

^{129}\mathrm{Xe}

, a promising agent for magnetic resonance imaging and other applications.