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Optics Express

Realization of optimized quantum controlled-logic gate based on the orbital angular momentum of light

Qiang Zeng, Tao Li, Xin-Bing Song, Xiangdong Zhang

Published Apr 7, 2016• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an optimized setup to implement quantum controlled-NOT operation using polarization and orbital angular momentum qubits. This device is more adaptive to inputs with various polarizations, and can work both in classical and quantum single-photon regime. The logic operations performed by such a setup not only possess high stability and polarization-free character, they can also be easily extended to deal with multi-qubit input states. As an example, the experimental implementation of generalized three-qubit Toffoli gate has been presented.

DOI
10.1364/oe.24.008186

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We propose and experimentally demonstrate an optimized setup to implement quantum controlled-NOT operation using polarization and orbital angular momentum qubits. This device is more adaptive to inputs with various polarizations, and can work both in classical and quantum single-photon regime. The logic operations performed by such a setup not only possess high stability and polarization-free character, they can also be easily extended to deal with multi-qubit input states. As an example, the experimental implementation of generalized three-qubit Toffoli gate has been presented.
Quantum controlled-logic gates, including controlled not gate and Toffoli gate, play critical roles in lots of quantum information processing schemes. We design and experimentally demonstrate deterministic Toffoli gate by utilizing orbital-angular-momentum and polarization degrees of freedom of a single photon. In addition, we generate Bell states by using the controlled not gate. The effective conversion rate of the Toffoli gate in our experiment is $(95.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.2)%$. Furthermore, our experimental setup does not require any auxiliary photons and probabilistic postselections.
Controlled quantum gates play a crucial role in enabling quantum universal operations by facilitating interactions between qubits. Direct implementation of three-qubit gates simplifies the design of quantum circuits, thereby being conducive to performing complex quantum algorithms. Here, we propose and present an experimental demonstration of a quantum Toffoli gate fully exploiting the polarization and orbital angular momentum of a single photon. The Toffoli gate is implemented using the polarized diffractive neural networks scheme, achieving a mean truth table visibility of 97.27±0.20%. We characterize the gate's performance through quantum state tomography on 216 different input states and quantum process tomography, which yields a process fidelity of 94.05±0.02%. Our method offers a novel approach for realizing the Toffoli gate without requiring exponential optical elements while maintaining extensibility to the implementation of other three-qubit gates.
Structured light carrying Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) enables high-dimensional photonic quantum information processing. In this work, we propose and theoretically demonstrate a four-dimensional controlledNOT (CNOT) quantum gate implemented using the radial (p) and azimuthal (l) degrees of freedom of Laguerre–Gaussian modes. Quantum information is encoded within a single photon, with the radial mode acting as the control qubit and the OAM mode as the target qubit. The gate is realized using fully linear and unitary optical transformations based on Fourier transform based radial mode sorting and OAM inversion within the architecture. This approach enables deterministic two-qubit logic in an expanded Hilbert space, providing a scalable pathway toward high-dimensional quantum gates using structured light.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate that a Mach-Zehnder interferometer composed of polarized beam splitters and a pentaprism in the place of one of the mirrors works as a linear optical quantum controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate. To perform the information processing, the polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the photons act as the control and target qubits, respectively. The readout process is simple, requiring only a linear polarizer and a triangular diffractive aperture before detection. The viability and stability of the experiment makes the present proposal a valuable candidate for future implementations in optical quantum computation protocols.