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Physics

Driving a Hard Bargain with Diamond Qubits

Simon C. Benjamin, Jason A. Smith

Published Oct 3, 2011• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme enabling controlled quantum coherent interactions between separated nitrogenvacancy centers in diamond in the presence of strong magnetic fluctuations.The proposed scheme couples nuclear qubits employing the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction between the electron spins and, crucially, benefits from the suppression of the effect of environmental magnetic field fluctuations thanks to a strong microwave driving.This scheme provides a basic building block for a full-scale quantum-information processor or quantum simulator based on solid-state technology.

DOI
10.1103/physics.4.78

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We propose a scheme enabling controlled quantum coherent interactions between separated nitrogenvacancy centers in diamond in the presence of strong magnetic fluctuations.The proposed scheme couples nuclear qubits employing the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction between the electron spins and, crucially, benefits from the suppression of the effect of environmental magnetic field fluctuations thanks to a strong microwave driving.This scheme provides a basic building block for a full-scale quantum-information processor or quantum simulator based on solid-state technology.
We propose a scheme enabling controlled quantum coherent interactions between separated nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond in the presence of strong magnetic fluctuations. The proposed scheme couples nuclear qubits employing the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction between the electron spins and, crucially, benefits from the suppression of the effect of environmental magnetic field fluctuations thanks to a strong microwave driving. This scheme provides a basic building block for a full-scale quantum-information processor or quantum simulator based on solid-state technology.
Abstract We propose a scheme to achieve nuclear–nuclear indirect interactions mediated by a mechanically driven nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in a diamond. Here we demonstrate two-qubit entangling gates and quantum-state transfer between two carbon nuclei. When the dipole–dipole interaction strength is much larger than the driving field strength, the scheme is robust against decoherence caused by coupling between the NV center (nuclear spins) and the environment. Conveniently, precise control of dipole coupling is not required so this scheme is insensitive to fluctuating positions of the nuclear spins and the NV center. Our scheme provides a general blueprint for multi-nuclear-spin gates and for multi-party communication.
We consider a protocol for the control of few-qubit registers comprising one electronic spin embedded in a nuclear spin bath. We show how to isolate a few proximal nuclear spins from the rest of the bath and use them as building blocks for a potentially scalable quantum information processor. We describe how coherent control techniques based on magnetic resonance methods can be adapted to these solid-state spin systems, to provide not only efficient, high fidelity manipulation but also decoupling from the spin bath. As an example, we analyze feasible performances and practical limitations in the realistic setting of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond.
The coherent control of spin qubits forms the basis of many applications in quantum information processing and nanoscale sensing, imaging, and spectroscopy. Such control is conventionally achieved by direct driving of the qubit transition with a resonant global field, typically at microwave frequencies. Here we introduce an approach that relies on the resonant driving of nearby environment spins, whose localized magnetic field in turn drives the qubit when the environmental spin Rabi frequency matches the qubit resonance. This concept of environmentally mediated resonance (EMR) is explored experimentally using a qubit based on a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, with nearby electronic spins serving as the environmental mediators. We demonstrate EMR driven coherent control of the NV spin state, including the observation of Rabi oscillations, free induction decay, and spin echo. This technique also provides a way to probe the nanoscale environment of spin qubits, which we illustrate by acquisition of electron spin resonance spectra from single NV centers in various settings.
We propose a scheme to achieve nuclear-nuclear indirect interactions mediated by a mechanically driven nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Here we demonstrate two-qubit entangling gates and quantum-state transfer between two carbon nuclei in diamond. In such a system, the NV center interacts with a nearby nuclear spin via a dipole-dipole interaction. Under the quantum Zeno condition, the scheme is robust against decoherence caused by coupling between the NV center (nuclear spins) and the environment. Conveniently, precise control of dipole coupling is not required so this scheme is insensitive to fluctuating positions of the nuclear spins and the NV center. Our scheme provides a general blueprint for multi-nuclear-spin gates and for multi-party communication in a polygon geometry with each vertex occupied by a nuclear spin.
Electron and nuclear spins of diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are good candidates for quantum information processing as they have long coherence time and can be initialized and read out optically. However, creating a large number of coherently coupled and individually addressable NV centers for quantum computing has been a big challenge. Here we propose methods to use high-density diamond NV centers coupled by spin-spin interaction with an average separation on the order of 10 nm for quantum computing. We propose to use a strain gradient to encode the position information of each NV center in the energy level of its excited electron orbital state, which causes a shift of its optical transition frequency. With such strain encoding, more than 100 closely-packed NV centers below optical diffraction limit can be read out individually by resonant optical excitation. A magnetic gradient will be used to shift the electron spin resonant (ESR) frequencies of NV centers. Therefore, the spin state of each NV center can be individually manipulated and different NV centers can be selectively coupled. A universal set of quantum operations for two-qubit and three-qubit system is introduced by careful design of external drives. Moreover, entangled states with multiple qubits can be created by this protocol, which is a major step towards quantum information processing with solid-state spins.