Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

International Conference on Quantum Information

Single-Photon Measurement of the Hartman Effect in Frustrated Total Internal Reflection

Andreas C. Liapis, George M. Gehring, Svetlana G. Lukishova, Robert W. Boyd

Published Jan 1, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Using fourth-order interference, we have measured the single-photon tunneling delay in frustrated total internal reflection. The results are explained in terms of a dwell-time interpretation of the Hartman effect.
DOI
10.1364/icqi.2011.qmb2

Related papers

Confronting the Hartman effect with data from frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR)

Jose C. Martinez

Over 40 years ago, Hartman noted that the tunneling time τ of a particle through a barrier becomes independent of width for thick barriers. Lately, the Hartman effect has been seen as a support for superluminal tunneling time. By interpreting the reflection and transmission amplitudes in terms of multiple reflection series, we show that τ is linear in barrier width for thin barriers and may be associated with actual traversal time; for thick barriers, τ saturates to the Hartman value because of the suppression of all but the first term of the series due to the smallness of the tunneling factor. For large widths, τ cannot be identified with the propagation time but may be associated with a time to penetrate to a characteristic depth into the barrier, which is independent of width. We discuss data from frustrated internal reflection experiments, which support this view.

Laser Physics•Jun 28, 2006•0 citations

Delay Time and the Hartman Effect in Quantum Tunneling

Herbert G. Winful

A general relation between the group delay and the dwell time is derived for quantum tunneling. It is shown that the group delay is equal to the dwell time plus a self-interference delay. The Hartman effect in quantum tunneling is explained on the basis of saturation of the integrated probability density (or number of particles) under the barrier.

Physical Review Letters•Dec 23, 2003•234 citations

Delay time and the Hartman effect in double-barrier tunneling

Natalia M. Litchinitser, John R. Valenzuela, Herbert G. Winful

A relation between the phase time and the dwell time in double-barrier tunneling is investigated under the resonant and the off-resonant conditions. The role and physical meaning of the self-interference delay is discussed. The Hartman effect is examined in double-barrier geometry and a physical explanation for the phenomenon is developed.

Frontiers in Optics•Jan 1, 2004•0 citations

An experiment to measure frustrated total internal reflection

A R Afshar, A Thetford

Describes an item of equipment which enables measurements of frustrated total internal reflection to be made for visible light. In making these measurements it is hoped that an undergraduate would more readily appreciate the quantum mechanical tunnelling effect which, as many authors have shown, is very similar to frustrated total internal reflection.

European Journal of Physics•Apr 1, 1982•5 citations

Tunneling delay time in frustrated total internal reflection

Herbert G. Winful, Chao Zhang

The group delay in frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) is shown to equal the dwell time plus a self-interference delay. The self-interference delay originates from the energy stored in the overlap between incident and reflected waves above the interface. The group delay in FTIR for finite beams is thus shown to be the lifetime of stored energy in the gap between the prisms and in the partial standing wave above the gap. As in other manifestations of tunneling the saturation of group delay with barrier length (Hartman effect) is explained by the saturation of stored energy in the region defined. No superluminal propagation is implied.

Physical Review A•Feb 23, 2009•23 citations

Temporal delay of a pulse undergoing frustrated total internal reflection

Ajoy Kumar Ghatak, Swagata Banerjee

Frustrated total internal reflection calculations show that after a certain thickness of the second medium the wavepacket transit time does not depend on thickness.

Applied Optics•Jun 1, 1989•23 citations
Over 40 years ago, Hartman noted that the tunneling time τ of a particle through a barrier becomes independent of width for thick barriers. Lately, the Hartman effect has been seen as a support for superluminal tunneling time. By interpreting the reflection and transmission amplitudes in terms of multiple reflection series, we show that τ is linear in barrier width for thin barriers and may be associated with actual traversal time; for thick barriers, τ saturates to the Hartman value because of the suppression of all but the first term of the series due to the smallness of the tunneling factor. For large widths, τ cannot be identified with the propagation time but may be associated with a time to penetrate to a characteristic depth into the barrier, which is independent of width. We discuss data from frustrated internal reflection experiments, which support this view.
The group delay in frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) is shown to equal the dwell time plus a self-interference delay. The self-interference delay originates from the energy stored in the overlap between incident and reflected waves above the interface. The group delay in FTIR for finite beams is thus shown to be the lifetime of stored energy in the gap between the prisms and in the partial standing wave above the gap. As in other manifestations of tunneling the saturation of group delay with barrier length (Hartman effect) is explained by the saturation of stored energy in the region defined. No superluminal propagation is implied.