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Physical Review A

Adiabatic-Markovian bath dynamics at avoided crossings

P. Nalbach

Published Oct 20, 2014• 37 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the dissipative influence of environmental fluctuations on the dynamics of driven quantum systems at an avoided crossing. We derive two simple approximative equations valid for weak system-bath coupling and compare results for the dissipative Landau-Zener problem with numerically exact results. Very good agreement is found for slow, i.e., adiabatic, driving. Specifically, the minimum in the Landau-Zener probability resulting from the competition of driving and dissipation is well described. For system-bath couplings and temperatures, where this minimum is observed in the adiabatic driving regime, good agreement is also observed for fast driving when the dynamics tends toward nonadiabatic behavior. Otherwise, however, for large temperatures and fast driving our approximation fails even for weak system-bath couplings, for which an undriven system is still accurately described by weak-coupling approximations.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.90.042112

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We investigate the dissipative influence of environmental fluctuations on the dynamics of driven quantum systems at an avoided crossing. We derive two simple approximative equations valid for weak system-bath coupling and compare results for the dissipative Landau-Zener problem with numerically exact results. Very good agreement is found for slow, i.e., adiabatic, driving. Specifically, the minimum in the Landau-Zener probability resulting from the competition of driving and dissipation is well described. For system-bath couplings and temperatures, where this minimum is observed in the adiabatic driving regime, good agreement is also observed for fast driving when the dynamics tends toward nonadiabatic behavior. Otherwise, however, for large temperatures and fast driving our approximation fails even for weak system-bath couplings, for which an undriven system is still accurately described by weak-coupling approximations.
Abstract We study the dynamics of a quantum two-state system driven through an avoided crossing under the influence of a super-Ohmic environment. We determine the Landau–Zener probability employing the numerical exact quasi-adiabatic path integral and a Markovian weak coupling approach. Increasing the driving time in the numerical protocol, we find converged results which shows that super-Ohmic environments only influence the Landau Zener probability within a finite crossing time window. This crossing time is qualitatively determined by the environmental cut-off energy. At weak coupling, we show that the Markovian weak coupling approach provides an accurate description. Since pure dephasing of a super-Ohmic bath is non-Markovian, this highlights that pure dephasing hardly influences the Landau–Zener probability. The finite crossing time window, thus, results from the suppression of relaxation once the energy splitting exceeds the environmental cut-off energy. Graphical abstract
We study the dynamics of a quantum two state system driven through an avoided crossing under the influence of a super Ohmic environment, i.e. a longitudinal as well as a transversal one. The crossing time window, in which relaxation influences the dynamics, is centered around the avoided crossing. We determine the dynamics and the Landau-Zener probability employing the numerical exact quasi-adiabatic path integral. At weak coupling we show that the numerically less demanding nonequilibrium Bloch equations provide an accurate description. The crossing time depends strongly not only on the system-bath coupling strength but also on the bath spectral cut-off frequency in contrast to the situation in an Ohmic bath. Our results enable to design quantitative protocols which drive quantum systems out of the influence range of relaxation.
We investigate the dynamic evolution and thermodynamic process of a driven quantum system immersed in a finite-temperature heat bath. A Born-Markovian quantum master equation is formally derived for the time-dependent system with discrete energy levels. This quantum master equation can be applied to situations with a broad range of driving speeds and bath temperatures and thus be used to study the finite-time quantum thermodynamics even when nonadiabatic transition and dissipation coexist. The dissipative Landau-Zener model is analyzed as an example. The population evolution and transition probability of the model reveal the importance of the competition between driving and dissipation beyond the adiabatic regime. Moreover, local maxima of irreversible entropy production occur at intermediate sweep velocity and finite temperature, which the low-dissipation model cannot describe.
We study entanglement degradation when one share of an entangled pair experiences noise. We consider the dissipative Landau-Zener model for describing local noise. The dissipative Landau-Zener model provides a convenient setting for modeling entanglement degradation with applications in quantum network developments and communications. Here, we study the problem in the fast- and slow-driving regimes. In the slow-driving regime, our results are analytical, while in the fast-driving regime, we use numerical techniques to obtain the results. Our study addresses the role of two main properties of the dynamics in entanglement degradation, namely, spin-coupling direction and adiabaticity of the dynamics. We derive an analytical expression for entanglement survival time versus bath temperature in the slow-driven regime. In both regimes, when the bath temperature is zero, we show that transversal spin-coupling has a less destructive effect on entanglement than longitudinal spin-coupling. We also show that entanglement degradation is weaker in the nonadiabatic regime compared to the adiabatic regime. Therefore, our results determine the proper choice of parameters for having less entanglement degradation in the presence of local noise described by the dissipative Landau-Zener model.
We investigate Landau-Zener processes modeled by a two-level quantum system, with its finite bias energy varied in time and in the presence of a single broadened cavity mode at zero temperature. By applying the hierarchy equation method to the Landau-Zener problem, we computationally study the survival fidelity of adiabatic states without Born, Markov, rotating-wave, or other perturbative approximations. With this treatment it also becomes possible to investigate cases with very strong system-bath coupling. Different from a previous study of infinite-time Landau-Zener processes, the fidelity of the time-evolving state as compared with instantaneous adiabatic states shows nonmonotonic dependence on the system-bath coupling and on the sweep rate of the bias. We then consider the effect of applying a counterdiabatic driving field, which is found to be useful in improving the fidelity only for sufficiently short Landau-Zener processes. Numerically exact results show that different counterdiabatic driving fields can have very different robustness against environment effects. Lastly, using a case study, we discuss the possibility of introducing a dynamical decoupling field in order to eliminate the decoherence effect of the environment and, at the same time, to retain the positive role of a counterdiabatic field. Our work indicates that finite-time Landau-Zener processes with counterdiabatic driving offer a fruitful testbed to understand controlled adiabatic processes in open systems.
We determine the Landau-Zener transition probability in a dissipative environment including both longitudinal as well as transversal quantum-mechanical noise originating from a single noise source. For this, we use the numerically exact quasiadiabatic path integral, as well as the approximative nonequilibrium Bloch equations. We find that transversal quantum noise in general influences the Landau-Zener probability much more strongly than longitudinal quantum noise does at a given temperature and system-bath coupling strength. In other words, transversal noise contributions become important even when the coupling strength of transversal noise is smaller than that of longitudinal noise. We furthermore reveal that transversal noise renormalizes the tunnel coupling independent of temperature. Finally, we show that the effect of mixed longitudinal and transversal noise originating from a single bath cannot be obtained from an incoherent sum of purely longitudinal and purely transversal noise.