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Physical Review A

Robust Rydberg-interaction gates with adiabatic passage

D. D. Bhaktavatsala Rao, Klaus Mølmer

Published Mar 5, 2014• 78 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that with adiabatic passage, one can reliably drive two-photon optical transitions between the ground states and interacting Rydberg states in a pair of atoms. For finite Rydberg-interaction strengths an adiabatic pathway towards the doubly Rydberg excited state is identified when a constant detuning is applied with respect to an intermediate optically excited level. The Rydberg interaction among the excited atoms provides a phase that may be used to implement quantum gate operations on atomic ground-state qubits.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.89.030301

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We show that with adiabatic passage, one can reliably drive two-photon optical transitions between the ground states and interacting Rydberg states in a pair of atoms. For finite Rydberg-interaction strengths an adiabatic pathway towards the doubly Rydberg excited state is identified when a constant detuning is applied with respect to an intermediate optically excited level. The Rydberg interaction among the excited atoms provides a phase that may be used to implement quantum gate operations on atomic ground-state qubits.
We show that with adiabatic passage, one can reliably drive two-photon optical transitions between the ground states and interacting Rydberg states in a pair of atoms. For finite Rydberg interaction strengths a new adiabatic pathway towards the doubly Rydberg excited state is identified when a constant detuning is applied with respect to an intermediate optically excited level. The Rydberg interaction among the excited atoms provides a phase that may be used to implement quantum gate operations on atomic ground state qubits.
Combining adiabatic passage and Rydberg antiblockade, we propose a scheme to implement a two-qubit phase gate between two Rydberg atoms. Detuning parameters between frequencies of atomic transitions and those of the corresponding driving lasers are carefully chosen to offset the blockade effect of two Rydberg atoms, so that an effective Hamiltonian, representing a single-photon detuning Λ-type three-level system and concluding the quantum state of two Rydberg atoms excited simultaneously, is obtained. The adiabatic-passage technique, based on the effective Hamiltonian, is adopted to implement a two-atom phase gate by using two time-dependent Rabi frequencies. Numerical simulations indicate that a high-fidelity two-qubit π -phase gate is constructed and its operation time does not have to be controlled accurately. Besides, owing to the long coherence time of the Rydberg state, the phase gate is robust against atomic spontaneous emission.
We propose to apply stimulated adiabatic passage to transfer atoms from their ground state into Rydberg excited states. Atoms a few micrometers apart experience a dipole-dipole interaction among Rydberg states that is strong enough to shift the atomic resonance and inhibit excitation of more than a single atom. We show that the adiabatic passage in the presence of this interaction between two atoms leads to robust creation of maximally entangled states and to two-bit quantum gates. For many atoms, the excitation blockade leads to an effective implementation of collective-spin and Jaynes-Cummings-like Hamiltonians, and we show that the adiabatic passage can be used to generate collective J_{x}=0 eigenstates and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states of tens of atoms.
Abstract We analyze the excitation of two ground state atoms to a double Rydberg state by a two-photon chirped optical pulse in the regime of adiabatic rapid passage (ARP). For intermediate Rydberg–Rydberg interaction strengths relevant for atoms separated by ∼ten μ m, adiabatic excitation can be achieved at experimentally feasible Rabi frequencies and chirp rates of the pulses, resulting in high transfer efficiencies. We also study the adiabatic transfer between ground and Rydberg states as a means to realize a controlled phase gate between atomic qubits.
We propose several schemes for implementing a two-qubit quantum phase gate between two Rydberg atoms. The schemes could be realized in one step without adiabatic passage which depends on the specifical shapes and tailored pulse sequences of the laser fields. When the Rydberg-Rydberg-interaction (RRI) strength and the parameters of the driving fields satisfy some certain conditions, the effective Rabi oscillation between the two-excitation Rydberg state and the ground state would be generated, which is out of the Rydberg blockade regime and essential for our scheme. In addition, the individual addressing of the atoms is not required. And the schemes can work under strong or weak RRI strength. The imperfections induced by the variation of RRI strength and spontaneous emission are discussed through solving the master equation numerically.
We study the adiabatic passage for a pair of interacting cold atoms driven into the ladder configuration with one ground state and two Rydberg states. We find, with proper single-photon and two-photon detunings, that it is viable to (i) achieve efficient population transfer from the ground state to either Rydberg state by fully overcoming the dipole blockade effect and (ii) implement maximal entangled states by partially overcoming the dipole blockade effect. These entangled atomic states are very stable and have purities and fidelities approaching 100%, among which one is of particular interest since it involves the simultaneous excitation of two different Rydberg states.