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Chinese Physics Letters

Spontaneous-Emission Coupling from an Excited Atom into a Symmetrical Metal-Cladding Optical Waveguide

Rong Tan, He Huang

Published Aug 1, 2014• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider the coupling behavior which transfers the energy of the spontaneous emission from an atom embedded in free space into a symmetrical metal-cladding optical waveguide. The ratio for spontaneous emission into the waveguide modes is derived by using a compact form of Green's function for a multilayer. Up to 90% of the spontaneous emission energy fed into the waveguide is demonstrated when the atom is positioned above the waveguide in a limited space range.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/31/8/084205

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We consider the coupling behavior which transfers the energy of the spontaneous emission from an atom embedded in free space into a symmetrical metal-cladding optical waveguide. The ratio for spontaneous emission into the waveguide modes is derived by using a compact form of Green's function for a multilayer. Up to 90% of the spontaneous emission energy fed into the waveguide is demonstrated when the atom is positioned above the waveguide in a limited space range.
A general analysis of spontaneous emission in the vicinity of a symmetric slab dielectric waveguide is presented using explicit energy-normalized functions for the complete set of bound and radiating TE and TM modes. Expressions for the spontaneous emission rates are derived for each mode type, and calculated results are presented illustrating the emission behavior as a function of the position of the radiating atom, for various slab waveguides. The model is used to analyze the spontaneous emission coupling efficiency to guided modes in planar erbium-doped amplifier structures. Spontaneous emission factors for the TE and TM modes are calculated for the cases of erbium doping of the core and of the cladding.>
We examine the spontaneous emission spectrum of a Λ-type three-level atom embedded in a coupled-resonator optical waveguide. Owing to the high degree of confinement of light within the resonators, the waveguide modes can be obtained in the framework of an electromagnetic tight-binding theory. The corresponding density of modes exhibits singularities at the band edges leading to interesting features in the spontaneous emission spectrum such as dark lines and narrow emission peaks. The position and the shape of these features depend strongly on the geometry and refractive index of the waveguide.
Quantum mechanical treatment of light inside dielectric media is important to understand the behavior of an optical system. In this paper, a two-level atom embedded in a rectangular waveguide surrounded by a perfect electric conductor is considered. Spontaneous emission, propagation, and detection of a photon are described by the second quantization formalism. The quantized modes for light are divided into two types: photonic propagating modes and localized modes with exponential decay along the direction of waveguide. Though spontaneous emission depends on all possible modes including the localized modes, detection far from the source only depends on the propagating modes. This discrepancy of dynamical behaviors gives two different decay rates along space and time in the correlation function of the photon detection.
Exploring the spontaneous emission control of an excited two-level atom interacting with the vacuum within a circular waveguide surrounded by a perfect electric conductor is the main objective of this work. This type of emission is dependent on the intrinsic properties of the emitter, such as the emitter’s transition frequency and dipole moment direction, as well as the surrounding electromagnetic environment. Due to being statistical in nature, the fields do not have a well-defined phase, and thus the emission is considered incoherent or in an uncontrollable direction. We propose an approach to direct the emission from an atom embedded in a circular waveguide . To achieve this, multimode waveguides should be excluded because the total emission is simply presented in three orthogonal directions. In contrast, with mono-mode waveguides, the single photon transports in a single-mode waveguide coupled to a cavity embedded with an atom. Thus, the electric dipole moment vector is forced to take the direction of the only mode in which it is allowed to propagate. Besides giving rise to a single value for the emission, this also provides a way to control direction. Such waveguides have already been produced by recent advances in microfabrication technology.