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Optics Express

Scheme for generating distillation-favorable continuous-variable entanglement via three concurrent parametric down-conversions in a single χ^(2) nonlinear photonic crystal

Yan-Xiao Gong, ShengLi Zhang, Ping Xu, Shining N. Zhu

Published Mar 14, 2016• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

nonlinear photonic crystal. The state is favorable for existing Gaussian entanglement distillation schemes, since local squeezing operations can enhance the final entanglement and the success probability. The crystal is designed for enabling three concurrent quasi-phase-matching parametric-down conversions, and hence relieves the auxiliary on-line bi-side local squeezing operations. The compact source opens up a way for continuous-variable quantum technologies and could find more potential applications in future large-scale quantum networks.

DOI
10.1364/oe.24.006402

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nonlinear photonic crystal. The state is favorable for existing Gaussian entanglement distillation schemes, since local squeezing operations can enhance the final entanglement and the success probability. The crystal is designed for enabling three concurrent quasi-phase-matching parametric-down conversions, and hence relieves the auxiliary on-line bi-side local squeezing operations. The compact source opens up a way for continuous-variable quantum technologies and could find more potential applications in future large-scale quantum networks.
We propose a two-dimensional ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}$ nonlinear photonic crystal capable of satisfying quasi-phase-matching conditions for two or three parametric down-conversions simultaneously. Seeded by a two-mode coherent state, this crystal can produce two-, three-, four-, or five-photon path-entangled states, provided the corresponding number photons are produced, i.e., in a postselection-free way. In particular, up to five-photon NOON state can be generated, which enables phase supersensitive measurements at the Heisenberg limit. The concurrent multiple quasi-phase-matchings provided by the nonlinear photonic crystal open up a way to integrated quantum light sources.
We propose a scheme for generating polarization-entangled photon pairs using a χ((2)) nonlinear photonic crystal, which is designed for enabling two concurrent quasi-phase-matched spontaneous parametric downconversion processes. Beamlike photon pairs produced from each process are collinear but noncollinear with the pump. Moreover, the source we design works in a postselection-free way and applies to both degenerate and nondegenerate cases. Combining possible waveguide technologies, our scheme may provide an integrated polarization entanglement source.
Parametric down-conversion of light (PDC) in a quasi-phase-matched (QPM) nonlinear crystal can be spectrally very broad when the spatial frequency of periodical poling is linearly chirped. The present day technology makes possible the fabrication of chirped QPM crystals phase-matched for PDC in all optical spectrum. In the low-gain regime this allows for generation of biphotons with the correlation time of the order of a single optical cycle. A natural next step is the study of the PDC light produced by such a crystal in the high-gain regime, where PDC is widely used as a source of squeezed states of light. Up to now only a classical treatment of this regime was undertaken. In the present work we demonstrate a possibility to generate single-cycle squeezing in a chirped QPM nonlinear crystal with squeezing spectrum covering almost all the optical octave.
By making use of the spatial shape of paired photons, parametric down-conversion allows the generation of two-photon entanglement in a multidimensional Hilbert space. How much entanglement can be generated in this way? In principle, the infinite-dimensional nature of the spatial degree of freedom renders unbounded the amount of entanglement available. However, in practice, the specific configuration used, namely, its geometry, the length of the nonlinear crystal, and the size of the pump beam, can severely limit the value that could be achieved. Here we show that the use of quasi-phase-matching engineering allows one to increase the amount of entanglement generated, reaching values of tens of ebits of entropy of entanglement under different conditions. Our work thus opens a way to fulfill the promise of generating massive spatial entanglement under a diverse variety of circumstances, some more favorable for its experimental implementation.