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Optics Communications

Resonantly enhanced Bragg-scattering spectroscopy of an atomic transition

Xudong Yang, Cuifang Qiao, Chuanliang Li, Fenghua Chen

Published Mar 10, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optcom.2016.02.030

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The laser spectroscopy with a narrow linewidth and high signal to noise ratio (S/N) is very important in the precise measurement of optical frequencies. Here, we present a novel high-resolution backward resonance Bragg-scattering (RBS) spectroscopy from a population difference grating (PDG). The PDG is formed by a standing-wave (SW) pump field in thermal 87Rb vapor, which periodically modulates the space population distribution of two levels in the 87Rb D1 line. A probe beam, having the identical frequency and the orthogonal polarization with the SW pump field, is Bragg-scattered by the PDG. Such Bragg-scattered light becomes stronger at an atomic resonance transition, which forms the RBS spectrum with a high S/N and sub-natural linewidth. Using the scheme of the coherent superposition of the individual Rayleigh-scattered light emitted from the atomic dipole oscillators on the PDG, the experimentally observed RBS spectroscopy is theoretically explained.
A theory of Bragg scattering of atoms is presented in which atoms are scattered by counterpropagating optical fields having different frequencies. It is shown that, for this geometry, the system reduces to that encountered in the pump-probe spectroscopy of two or multilevel systems. As a result, one can tune the Bragg resonances by varying the frequency difference between the optical fields. The possiblity of using these techniques to construct an atom-beam splitter, whose output arms are separated in momentum space by a hundred photon momenta, is discussed.
We demonstrate optical tuning of the scattering length in a Bose-Einstein condensate as predicted by Fedichev et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2913 (1996)]. In our experiment, atoms in a 87Rb condensate are exposed to laser light which is tuned close to the transition frequency to an excited molecular state. By controlling the power and detuning of the laser beam we can change the atomic scattering length over a wide range. In view of laser-driven atomic losses, we use Bragg spectroscopy as a fast method to measure the scattering length of the atoms.