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European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)

Bragg Scattering of Atoms at an Absorptive Light Crystal

Markus K. Oberthaler, Roland Abfalterer, Stefan Bernet, E.M. Rasci, Jörg Schmiedmayer, A. Zellinger

Published Jan 1, 1996• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/eqec.1996.561600

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We demonstrate periodic localization of neutral atoms of better than 65 nm behind amplitude, i.e., absorptive masks made of light. With these masks, produced by a standing on resonant light wave, it is possible to create and to probe spatially well-defined atomic distributions. Applications of such absorptive masks range from atom lithography to fundamental atom optical experiments. As two examples we show how to use these gratings as a tool to measure the evolution of an atomic wave field behind a static Bragg crystal and its dependence on the incidence angle of the atomic beam and how to demonstrate the frequency shift of atoms diffracted at a modulated Bragg crystal in a beating experiment.
We have observed Bragg scattering of photons from quantum degenerate ^{87}Rb atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice. Bragg scattered light directly probes the microscopic crystal structure and atomic wave function whose position and momentum width is Heisenberg limited. The spatial coherence of the wave function leads to revivals in the Bragg scattered light due to the atomic Talbot effect. The decay of revivals across the superfluid to Mott insulator transition indicates the loss of superfluid coherence.