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Microfabricated surface ion trap technology development for localized hyperfine qubit control.

Clark Highstrete, Sean Scott, Christopher Nordquist, J. Stevens, Christopher P. Tigges, Matthew G. Blain

Published Feb 1, 2012• 0 citations
OpenAlex

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Surface-electrode ion traps for scalable quantum computing

D. T. C. Allcock

The major challenges in trapped-ion quantum computation are to scale up few-ion experiments to many qubits and to improve control techniques so that quantum logic gates can be carried out with higher fidelities. This thesis reports experimental progress in both of these areas. In the early part of the thesis we describe the fabrication of a surface-electrode ion trap, the development of the apparatus and techniques required to operate it and the successful trapping of 40Ca+ ions. Notably we developed methods to control the orientation of the principal axes and to minimise ion micromotion. We propose a repumping scheme that simplifies heating rate measurements for ions with low-lying D levels, and use it to characterise the electric field noise in the trap. Surface-electrode traps are important because they offer a route to dense integration of electronic and optical control elements using existing microfabrication technology. We explore this scaling route by testing a series of three traps that were microfabricated at Sandia National Laboratories. Investigations of micromotion and charging of the surface by laser beams were carried out and improvements to future traps are suggested. Using one of these traps we also investigated anomalous electrical noise from the electrode surfaces and discovered that it can be reduced by cleaning with a pulsed laser. A factor of two decrease was observed; this represents the first in situ removal of this noise source, an important step towards higher gate fidelities. In the second half of the thesis we describe the design and construction of an experiment for the purpose of replacing laser-driven multi-qubit quantum logic gates with microwave-driven ones. We investigate magnetic-field-independent hyperfine qubits in 40Ca+ as suitable qubits for this scheme. We make a design study of how best to integrate an ion trap with the microwave conductors required to implement the gate and propose a novel integrated resonant structure. The trap was fabricated and ions were successfully loaded. Single-qubit experiments show that the microwave fields above the trap are in excellent agreement with software simulations. There are good prospects for demonstrating a multi-qubit gate in the near future. We conclude by discussing the possibilities for larger-scale quantum computation by combining microfabricated traps and microwave control.

•Jan 1, 2011•5 citations

Entanglement on a surface chip using scalable control technologies for trapped ion qubits

Daisy Smith (9231587)

A blueprint for a scalable quantum computer using microwave radiation and a lattice of microfabricated surface ion traps was first proposed by Lekitsch et al. [1] in 2017. These surface ion traps require an integrated current-carrying wire layer which produces a variable magnetic field gradient at the position of the ions. Such a surface trap was first presented by Siegele et al. [2] in 2022. This thesis outlines the first use-case of this trap, demonstrating single-qubit control and characterization using long-wavelength radiation, and discusses the use of an Arbitrary Waveform Generator as a more scalable method for this qubit control. The thesis then characterizes the current-carrying wires, using the hyperfine states of 171Yb+ to demonstrate a variable and controllable gradient. In a magnetic field gradient, the use of a dressed state can greatly increase the coherence time of qubits, as presented by [3], the dressed state is created on this surface trap for the first time. Finally maximal entanglement of spin and motion, as proposed by Mintert and Wunderlich in [4], is shown in a single ion using long-wavelength radiation and using the current-carrying wires to produce the gradient.

•Apr 23, 2025•0 citations
Microfabrication of Surface Ion Trap Chip and State Manipulation of Single 171Yb+++ Qubit
The major challenges in trapped-ion quantum computation are to scale up few-ion experiments to many qubits and to improve control techniques so that quantum logic gates can be carried out with higher fidelities. This thesis reports experimental progress in both of these areas. In the early part of the thesis we describe the fabrication of a surface-electrode ion trap, the development of the apparatus and techniques required to operate it and the successful trapping of 40Ca+ ions. Notably we developed methods to control the orientation of the principal axes and to minimise ion micromotion. We propose a repumping scheme that simplifies heating rate measurements for ions with low-lying D levels, and use it to characterise the electric field noise in the trap. Surface-electrode traps are important because they offer a route to dense integration of electronic and optical control elements using existing microfabrication technology. We explore this scaling route by testing a series of three traps that were microfabricated at Sandia National Laboratories. Investigations of micromotion and charging of the surface by laser beams were carried out and improvements to future traps are suggested. Using one of these traps we also investigated anomalous electrical noise from the electrode surfaces and discovered that it can be reduced by cleaning with a pulsed laser. A factor of two decrease was observed; this represents the first in situ removal of this noise source, an important step towards higher gate fidelities. In the second half of the thesis we describe the design and construction of an experiment for the purpose of replacing laser-driven multi-qubit quantum logic gates with microwave-driven ones. We investigate magnetic-field-independent hyperfine qubits in 40Ca+ as suitable qubits for this scheme. We make a design study of how best to integrate an ion trap with the microwave conductors required to implement the gate and propose a novel integrated resonant structure. The trap was fabricated and ions were successfully loaded. Single-qubit experiments show that the microwave fields above the trap are in excellent agreement with software simulations. There are good prospects for demonstrating a multi-qubit gate in the near future. We conclude by discussing the possibilities for larger-scale quantum computation by combining microfabricated traps and microwave control.
A blueprint for a scalable quantum computer using microwave radiation and a lattice of microfabricated surface ion traps was first proposed by Lekitsch et al. [1] in 2017. These surface ion traps require an integrated current-carrying wire layer which produces a variable magnetic field gradient at the position of the ions. Such a surface trap was first presented by Siegele et al. [2] in 2022. This thesis outlines the first use-case of this trap, demonstrating single-qubit control and characterization using long-wavelength radiation, and discusses the use of an Arbitrary Waveform Generator as a more scalable method for this qubit control. The thesis then characterizes the current-carrying wires, using the hyperfine states of 171Yb+ to demonstrate a variable and controllable gradient. In a magnetic field gradient, the use of a dressed state can greatly increase the coherence time of qubits, as presented by [3], the dressed state is created on this surface trap for the first time. Finally maximal entanglement of spin and motion, as proposed by Mintert and Wunderlich in [4], is shown in a single ion using long-wavelength radiation and using the current-carrying wires to produce the gradient.