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Quantum Information and Computation

Generation of entanglement between spin of an electron and polarization of a photon

Naresh Chandra, R. Ghosh

Published Jan 1, 2009• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper shows an electron and a photon, emitted in two consecutive steps from an atom following the absorption of a single photon, may be entangled in the presence of the spin-orbit interaction only. This entanglement strongly depends upon the polarization of the absorbed and of the radiated photons, kinematics of two emitted particles, and dynamics of photoionization; however, the photoemission dynamics plays no role in this entanglement. This hybrid entanglement can be used in teleporting a quantum state encoded in a flying/stationary material particle onto a light pulse, or vice versa. Such an electron-photon entanglement, in addition, will make it possible to learn about the polarization of a single photon or spin-polarization of a free electron without making any measurements on the corresponding particle itself.

DOI
10.26421/qic9.1-2-3

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This paper shows an electron and a photon, emitted in two consecutive steps from an atom following the absorption of a single photon, may be entangled in the presence of the spin-orbit interaction only. This entanglement strongly depends upon the polarization of the absorbed and of the radiated photons, kinematics of two emitted particles, and dynamics of photoionization; however, the photoemission dynamics plays no role in this entanglement. This hybrid entanglement can be used in teleporting a quantum state encoded in a flying/stationary material particle onto a light pulse, or vice versa. Such an electron-photon entanglement, in addition, will make it possible to learn about the polarization of a single photon or spin-polarization of a free electron without making any measurements on the corresponding particle itself.
In this paper, we study the entanglement properties of a pair of electrons ejected simultaneously from an atom following the absorption of a single photon. We show that, in the absence of spin-orbit interaction (SOI), the non-separability of the state of two photoelectrons in a pair depends upon the spins of the atom and of its residual dication. The two electrons produced in a double photoionization experiment may always be entangled, on the other hand, if the SOI is taken into account. In the latter case, entanglement will be affected by, among other things, the photoionization dynamics and the state of polarization of the absorbed radiation.
We present a theoretical analysis of spin-entanglement between a photoelectron and an Auger electron sequentially ejected from an atom (say, AAA) following the absorption of a single photon. Entanglement, both without and with spin-orbit interaction has been analyzed. In the former case, entanglement in a photo-Auger electron pair is generated only by the electrostatic Coulomb forces inside an atom and completely characterized merely by the multiplicities of the electronic states of AAA, A+∗{A}^{{+}^{*}}A+∗, A2+{A}^{2+}A2+ participating in the process, without using any protocols already suggested in the literature for this purpose. The presence of both the Coulomb and spin-orbit interactions, on the other hand, couples the entanglement of this bipartite state with the dynamics and kinematics of the whole process, as well as with the properties of the absorbed photon. In such cases, therefore, it is not possible to predict, a priori, the photo-Auger electron entanglement. These discussions have quantitatively been illustrated by several examples.
Quantum entanglement is a unique phenomenon of quantum mechanics that explains how two subatomic particles are correlated even if they are separated by a vast distance. The phenomena of quantum entanglement are useful resources for quantum information. In this chapter, we will study the entanglement properties of bipartite states of two electronic qubits, without observing spin-orbit interaction (SOI), produced by single-step double photoionization in helium atom following the absorption of a single photon. In absence of SOI, Russell-Saunders coupling (L-S coupling) is applicable. We observe that the entanglement depends significantly on the direction of the ejection, as well as the spin quantization of photoelectrons.
Entanglement plays a central role in fundamental tests of quantum mechanics as well as in the burgeoning field of quantum information processing. Particularly in the context of quantum networks and communication, an outstanding challenge is the efficient generation of entanglement between stationary (spin) and flying (photon) qubits. In this talk, I will first show the observation of quantum entanglement between a semiconductor quantum dot spin and the color of a propagating optical photon [1]. The demonstration of entanglement relies on the use of fast single-photon detection which allows us to project the photon into a superposition of its two frequency components. Our results extend the previous demonstrations of single-spin-photon entanglement in trapped ions, neutral atoms and nitrogen vacancy centers to the domain of artificial atoms in semiconductor nano-structures that allow for integration of electronic and photonic elements.
Entanglement plays a central role in fundamental tests of quantum mechanics as well as in the burgeoning field of quantum information processing. Particularly in the context of quantum networks and communication, a major challenge is the efficient generation of entanglement between stationary (spin) and flying (photon) qubits. Here we report the observation of quantum entanglement between a semiconductor quantum dot spin and the color of a propagating optical photon. As an extension experiment, we report the generation of a single-photon frequency qubit, interference of resonance fluorescence from two distant quantum dots and the teleportation from a flying photon to a quantum dot spin.
Objectives: To study of entanglement between two electronic qubits,without observing spin orbit interaction (SOI), produced by double photo ionization from Xeon atom following the absorption of a photon. Methods: In absence of SOI, Russel-Salunders coupling (L-S coupling) is applicable. As the estimations of entanglement we have considered PeresHorodecki condition and negativity. In case of L-Scoupling, all the properties of electronic qubits are predicted merely with the knowledge of the spins of the target atom, the residual photoion, emitted electrons and the state of polarization of the absorbed photon. Findings: We have found that the electronic qubits may be totally entangled, partially entangled or separable depending on spin states of target Xe, residualdication Xe2+,emitted electrons and the state of polarization of incident photon as well as of the direction sspin quantization and ejection of the photoelectrons. Applications/ Improvements: Studies of quantumen tanglement and its paradoxical properties hold the key to various Quantum information (QI) tasks such as quantum teleportation, quantum cryptography and quantum computer technology. Keywords: Density Operator PACS No. 32.30, L-S Coupling, Negativity, Peres-Horodecki Condition