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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Entanglement in double photoionization of atoms

Naresh Chandra, M Chakraborty

Published May 9, 2002• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we study the entanglement properties of a pair of electrons ejected simultaneously from an atom following the absorption of a single photon. We show that, in the absence of spin-orbit interaction (SOI), the non-separability of the state of two photoelectrons in a pair depends upon the spins of the atom and of its residual dication. The two electrons produced in a double photoionization experiment may always be entangled, on the other hand, if the SOI is taken into account. In the latter case, entanglement will be affected by, among other things, the photoionization dynamics and the state of polarization of the absorbed radiation.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/35/10/303

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This paper investigates the relationship, if any, which may exist between the electron-electron correlation and spin entanglement of two electrons ejected simultaneously from a linear molecule following the absorption of a single photon. In order to properly learn about the influence of the molecular dynamics on this relationship and also to take into account the parity of the molecular states, double photoionization has been studied by including rotational degrees of freedom in the Hund's coupling schemes (a) and (b). Entanglement properties of the ejected pair of electrons with respect to their spins have been investigated in each of these coupling schemes without or with taking spin dependent interactions into account. The existence, or otherwise, of the entanglement is predicted on the basis of the negativity of the partial transpose of the density matrix calculated for each case considered in this paper.
Quantum entanglement is a unique phenomenon of quantum mechanics that explains how two subatomic particles are correlated even if they are separated by a vast distance. The phenomena of quantum entanglement are useful resources for quantum information. In this chapter, we will study the entanglement properties of bipartite states of two electronic qubits, without observing spin-orbit interaction (SOI), produced by single-step double photoionization in helium atom following the absorption of a single photon. In absence of SOI, Russell-Saunders coupling (L-S coupling) is applicable. We observe that the entanglement depends significantly on the direction of the ejection, as well as the spin quantization of photoelectrons.
Quantum entanglement holds the key to an information processing revolution. In this article, we study the entanglement properties of tripartite states of two electronic qubits and ionic qudit,without observing spin orbit interaction (SOI), produced by single-step double photoionization from Xeon atom following the absorption of a single photon. The dimension of the Hilbert space of the qudit depends upon the electronic state of the residual photoion Xe2+. In absence of SOI, Russel-Salunders coupling (L-S coupling) is applicable. As the estimations of entanglement, we consider Peres-Horodecki condition and negativity. In case of L-S coupling, all the properties of a qubit-qudit system can be predicted merely with the knowledge of the spins of the target atom, the residual photoion, emitted electrons and state of polarization of the incident photons.
This paper shows an electron and a photon, emitted in two consecutive steps from an atom following the absorption of a single photon, may be entangled in the presence of the spin-orbit interaction only. This entanglement strongly depends upon the polarization of the absorbed and of the radiated photons, kinematics of two emitted particles, and dynamics of photoionization; however, the photoemission dynamics plays no role in this entanglement. This hybrid entanglement can be used in teleporting a quantum state encoded in a flying/stationary material particle onto a light pulse, or vice versa. Such an electron-photon entanglement, in addition, will make it possible to learn about the polarization of a single photon or spin-polarization of a free electron without making any measurements on the corresponding particle itself.
We present a theoretical analysis of spin-entanglement between a photoelectron and an Auger electron sequentially ejected from an atom (say, AAA) following the absorption of a single photon. Entanglement, both without and with spin-orbit interaction has been analyzed. In the former case, entanglement in a photo-Auger electron pair is generated only by the electrostatic Coulomb forces inside an atom and completely characterized merely by the multiplicities of the electronic states of AAA, A+∗{A}^{{+}^{*}}A+∗, A2+{A}^{2+}A2+ participating in the process, without using any protocols already suggested in the literature for this purpose. The presence of both the Coulomb and spin-orbit interactions, on the other hand, couples the entanglement of this bipartite state with the dynamics and kinematics of the whole process, as well as with the properties of the absorbed photon. In such cases, therefore, it is not possible to predict, a priori, the photo-Auger electron entanglement. These discussions have quantitatively been illustrated by several examples.