It has been found that bosons are not subject to the Pauli Exclusion Principle. This paper argues that in some cases the exclusion principle is also invalid for fermions. According to the Law of Included Multiple- Middle and the like, the 4 neutralities between Pauli Exclusion Principle's validity and invalidity are as fol- lows: first, according to Neutrosophy, any proposition has three situations of truth, falsehood and indetermi- nacy respectively; second, some scholars have pointed out that the exclusion principle may be broken in high- energy state; third, due to the existance of man created law (man-made law), the broken exclusion principle and the man-made (instantaneous) magnetic monopole can be artificially created; fourth, the exclusion princi- ple is not compatible with law of conservation of ener- gy, and in physics the principles that are not compatible with law of conservation of energy will be invalid in some cases.
It has been found that bosons are not subject to the Pauli Exclusion Principle. This paper argues that in some cases the exclusion principle is also invalid for fermions. According to the Law of Included Multiple- Middle and the like, the 4 neutralities between Pauli Exclusion Principle's validity and invalidity are as fol- lows: first, according to Neutrosophy, any proposition has three situations of truth, falsehood and indetermi- nacy respectively; second, some scholars have pointed out that the exclusion principle may be broken in high- energy state; third, due to the existance of man created law (man-made law), the broken exclusion principle and the man-made (instantaneous) magnetic monopole can be artificially created; fourth, the exclusion princi- ple is not compatible with law of conservation of ener- gy, and in physics the principles that are not compatible with law of conservation of energy will be invalid in some cases.
It has been found that bosons are not subject to the Pauli Exclusion Principle. This paper argues that in some cases the exclusion principle is also invalid for fermions. According to the Law of Included Multiple-Middle and the like, the 4 neutralities between Pauli Exclusion Principle's validity and invalidity are as follows: first, according to Neutrosophy, any proposition has three situations of truth, falsehood and indeterminacy respectively; second, some scholars have pointed out that the exclusion principle may be broken in high energy state; third, due to the existance of man created law (man-made law), the broken exclusion principle and the man-made (instantaneous) magnetic monopole can be artificially created; fourth, the exclusion principle is not compatible with law of conservation of energy, and in physics the principles that are not compatible with law of conservation of energy will be invalid in some cases.
It has been found that bosons are not subject to the Pauli Exclusion Principle. This paper argues that in some cases the exclusion principle is also invalid for fermions. According to the Law of Included Multiple- Middle and the like, the 4 neutralities between Pauli Exclusion Principle's validity and invalidity are as follows: first, according to Neutrosophy, any proposition has three situations of truth, falsehood and indeterminacy respectively; second, some scholars have pointed out that the exclusion principle may be broken in highenergy state; third, due to the existance of man created law (man-made law), the broken exclusion principle and the man-made (instantaneous) magnetic monopole can be artificially created; fourth, the exclusion principle is not compatible with law of conservation of energy, and in physics the principles that are not compatible with law of conservation of energy will be invalid in some cases.
One of the reasons for 1945 Nobel Prize for physics is “for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli principle”. It has been found that bosons are not subject to the Pauli exclusion principle. This paper argues that in some cases the exclusion principle is also invalid for fermions. The reasons are as follows: first, according to Neutrosophy, any proposition has three situations of truth, falsehood and indeterminacy respectively; second, some scholars have pointed out that the exclusion principle may be broken in high-energy state; third, due to the existance of man created law (man-made law), the broken exclusion principle and the man-made (instantaneous) magnetic monopole can be artificially created; fourth, the exclusion principle is not compatible with law of conservation of energy, and in physics the principles that are not compatible with law of conservation of energy will be invalid in some cases.
A review of those forms of standard quantum mechanics that include the Pauli Exclusion Principle as it is applied to atomic species, (that is versions of quantum that are multi-electron and multi-orbital) shows they are not consistent with energy conservation. Particular focus is given to helium in which it is shown that energy conservation is not consistent with current models. If the two electrons in the ground state, per current theory, are at the same energy as the ionization energy, it is demonstrated that according to the standard theory approximately 30 eV are lost during ionization, or alternatively, about 30 eV of energy are created during ionization/electron attachment. The same issue of energy loss during relaxation of energy levels following ionization is shown to exist for all atomic species, thus demonstrating that the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) and energy conservation are not consistent for any atomic species for current forms of distinguishable electron forms of quantum theory. Only that form of quantum that has a single orbital, and for which only one ionization energy can be computed (that is the original Schrodinger form), is consistent with an energy balance. However, this form is not consistent with common spectroscopy results, and it is argued PEP has no meaning in this form of quantum theory. In contrast a new model, Classical Quantum Mechanics (CQM), invented by R. Mills,, following modification, is consistent with all spectroscopy and energy conservation for bound electron systems. This new model is based on the validity of Maxwell s Equations and Newton s Laws at all scales. Detailed, and remarkably simple, computations for determining the ground state energy levels in one and two electron systems using CQM are presented. Agreements with data are excellent.
The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) can be considered from two aspects. First, it asserts that particles that have half-integer spin (fermions) are described by antisymmetric wave functions, and particles that have integer spin (bosons) are described by symmetric wave functions. It is called spin-statistics connection (SSC). The physical reasons why SSC exists are still unknown. On the other hand, PEP is not reduced to SSC and can be consider from another aspect, according to it, the permutation symmetry of the total wave function can be only of two types: symmetric or antisymmetric. They both belong to one-dimensional representations of the permutation group, while other types of permutation symmetry are forbidden. However, the solution of the Schrödinger equation may have any permutation symmetry. We analyze this second aspect of PEP and demonstrate that proofs of PEP in some wide-spread textbooks on quantum mechanics, basing on the indistinguishability principle, are incorrect. The indistinguishability principle is insensitive to the permutation symmetry of wave function. So, it cannot be used as a criterion for the PEP verification. However, as follows from our analysis of possible scenarios, the permission of states with permutation symmetry more general than symmetric and antisymmetric leads to contradictions with the concepts of particle identity and their independence. Thus, the existence in our Nature particles only in symmetric and antisymmetric permutation states is not accidental, since all symmetry options for the total wave function, except the antisymmetric and symmetric, cannot be realized. From this an important conclusion follows, we may not expect that in future some unknown elementary particles that are not fermions or bosons can be discovered.