© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

Terms Privacy Legal Notice

J. Inf. Hiding Multim. Signal Process.

Robust and Simple N-Party Entangled Authentication Cloud Storage Protocol Based on Secret Sharing Scheme

Hongfeng Zhu, Tianhua Liu, Dan Zhu, Haiyang Li

Published Jan 1, 2013• 11 citations

Abstract

Entangled cloud storage schemes think in different ways with traditional cloud storage secure schemes which provide high level security to force cloud storage servers for treating equally between normal users and influential users without discrimi- nation. The current work on cloud secure storage mainly considers some low level rules, i.e. access control, fuzzy keyword search, data integrity checking, and identity-based cryp- tography. However, either these security mechanisms do not consider a subjectivity of cloud storage administrator (or called a potentially malicious cloud storage provider) to delete your data and even normal users accounts just because you are a normal user. In this paper, techniques are presented which aim at the cloud storage provider must pro- vide the same quality service for each client. We develop a novel scheme, called EACS (entangled authenticated cloud storage), to settle the aforementioned typical problem. Its main idea is to use entangled method for designing a scheme which has four key policies: (i) N-clients can easily entangle their files into a single secret c to be store by a cloud storage provider S; (ii) Using secret c, each client may easily recovery their own original file respectively; (iii) If the server alters c in any way, no clients will be able to retrieve its original file (this policy is called all-or-noting-integrity). (iv) All the parties in the entangled scheme should be authenticated. Finally, we give a full specification of this scheme, including how to realize specific policies, how to design the scheme, how to prove the schemes security.

Related papers

Cloud server quantum data secret sharing scheme

Yan Chang, Honglin LIU, Zhijian Gou +4 more

Storing data in the form of quantum states on cloud servers can significantly enhance storage efficiency. The storage and sharing of quantum data on cloud servers necessitate consideration of security issues. An ingenious solution is to store data in the form of ciphertext on cloud servers. When data needs to be shared with users, the cloud server performs a second encryption on the data ciphertext and sends the doubly encrypted ciphertext to the users. Users can decrypt and obtain the data itself using their private keys. This process can be regarded as the transformation of the data owner’s ciphertext into a shared ciphertext by a third party (the cloud server). This study proposes a new quantum data sharing scheme for cloud servers. One of our main contributions is the realization of sharing specific data with users who have appropriate permissions (satisfying certain attribute-based conditions). The security of the scheme is demonstrated through key analysis, plaintext analysis, first-level ciphertext analysis, and second-level ciphertext analysis.

Zhongguo kexue. Wulixue Lixue Tianwenxue•Mar 6, 2025•1 citation

(t,n) Threshold Quantum Secret Sharing Scheme for Cloud Storage

Bai Liu, Shuheng Qi, Hao Chen

Abstract Secret sharing, as an important cryptographic technique, effectively reduces the risk of single points of failure and centralized leakage by distributing secret information across multiple independent entities. With the widespread application of cloud computing and cloud storage, achieving long-term secure storage and controllable recovery of sensitive data in untrusted cloud environments has become a critical issue. Traditional cloud storage solutions face potential risks of security degradation and privacy exposure under long-term operation and future quantum computing threats. This paper proposes a quantum secret sharing (QSS) scheme for cloud storage scenarios, combining the threshold secret sharing with quantum secure communication and quantum information processing to achieve distributed storage and secure reconstruction of secret information across multiple cloud servers. A quantum identity authentication mechanism is introduced to the authenticated user based on a quantum sequence. This protocol enhances the long-term security of the system during the storage phase through threshold distribution and proactive share refreshing mechanisms, and utilizes quantum states to complete the secure reconstruction of secrets during the recovery phase. Additionally, this scheme avoids direct interaction between cloud servers, improving the security in untrusted cloud environments. Security analysis shows that this protocol can effectively resist threats such as external eavesdropping and internal collusion.

Chinese Physics B•May 11, 2026•0 citations

Secure data access control for multi-authority Quantum based cloud storage

K. Vidya, A. Backia Abinaya

An efficient way of ensuring security in cloud is to give secure data access control among untrusted cloud server. Hence to improve the security, a new system could be introduced such as Quantum Security Scheme which invokes Quantum gates for encryption purpose. Quantum cryptography has been rapidly developing these days due to its efficient service which is provided by means of key generation and key distribution. Quantum Ciphertext-Policy Attribute Based Encryption (QCP-ABE) is a promising technique for data access control on encrypted data. This scheme also achieves mutual authentication among those authorities involving in the system and it also achieves both forward and backward security.

International Conference on Computing and Communications Technologies (ICCCT)•Feb 1, 2015•0 citations

CCA Secure Proxy Re-Encryption Scheme for Secure Sharing of Files through Cloud Storage

Bharati Mishra, Debasish Jena

Cloud Storage Service(CSS) provides unbounded, robust file storage capability and facilitates for pay-per-use and collaborative work to end users. But due to security issues like lack of confidentiality, malicious insiders, it has not gained wide spread acceptance to store sensitive information. Researchers have proposed proxy re-encryption schemes for secure data sharing through cloud. Due to advancement of computing technologies and advent of quantum computing algorithms, security of existing schemes can be compromised within seconds. Hence there is a need for designing security schemes which can be quantum computing resistant. In this paper, a secure file sharing scheme through cloud storage using proxy re-encryption technique has been proposed. The proposed scheme is proven to be chosen ciphertext secure(CCA) under hardness of ring-LWE, Search problem using random oracle model. The proposed scheme outperforms the existing CCA secure schemes in-terms of re-encryption time and decryption time for encrypted files which results in an efficient file sharing scheme through cloud storage.

International Conference on Emerging Applications of Information Technology•Jan 1, 2018•6 citations

An Unconditionally Secure Encryption Protocol for Cloud Storage

Mohammad Moltafet, Hamid R. Sadjadpour, Zouheir Rezki

We provide an encryption protocol for storing highly confidential data of a user on a public cloud storage. We show that the protocol provides unconditional security. More specifically, we prove that the protocol is semantically secure against an all-powerful adversary with unbounded computational power and storage capacity who has complete access to the communication line. The provided protocol is very simple, it is implemented by exploiting finite group modular addition and XOR operations. The protocol provides a high security gain defined as the ratio of the amount of data (in bits) that can be securely stored on the public cloud and the number of secret bits required to be stored at the user end. As an illustrative example, according to the protocol, by using 40.2 Terabytes (TBs) of secret bits, a user is able to store 5.9 ×108TBs of data on a public storage with guaranteed everlasting security.

IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)•Jul 7, 2024•1 citation

User-driven cross cloud-domain authentication and key agreement scheme with quantum entanglement swapping

Xuejiao Xu, Xiaoping Lou, Haoxuan Liu

The ability of individuals or organizations to initiate user-driven sharing of sensitive data, such as confidential financial information, is critical in cloud storage services. Numerous authentication and key agreement schemes have been proposed as solutions for encrypted data access and sharing, tailored to various scenarios. However, most of these solutions only support third-party authentication or internal cloud sharing, which can restrict the data owner’s control over access and limit the scope of data sharing. To address this issue, we propose a Cross Cloud-Domain Quantum Entanglement Swapping (CCQES) architecture that incorporates quantum circuits into the network connecting service providers and users. Within this CCQES framework, we introduce an authentication and key agreement scheme that enables two cross cloud-domain data owners to utilize quantum measurements for mutual authentication. Additionally, data owners can negotiate a session key for bidirectional data sharing through quantum gates. These features empower cloud users to maintain sovereign control over their stored data while facilitating collaboration with users from other cloud domains. Performance evaluation experiments conducted using the IBMQ QASM (Quantum Assembly Language) simulator on the cloud platform demonstrate that any user within the CCQES can authenticate with foreign users and negotiate a random key.

International Journal of Quantum Information•Jan 24, 2026•0 citations

Entangled cloud storage schemes think in different ways with traditional cloud storage secure schemes which provide high level security to force cloud storage servers for treating equally between normal users and influential users without discrimi- nation. The current work on cloud secure storage mainly considers some low level rules, i.e. access control, fuzzy keyword search, data integrity checking, and identity-based cryp- tography. However, either these security mechanisms do not consider a subjectivity of cloud storage administrator (or called a potentially malicious cloud storage provider) to delete your data and even normal users accounts just because you are a normal user. In this paper, techniques are presented which aim at the cloud storage provider must pro- vide the same quality service for each client. We develop a novel scheme, called EACS (entangled authenticated cloud storage), to settle the aforementioned typical problem. Its main idea is to use entangled method for designing a scheme which has four key policies: (i) N-clients can easily entangle their files into a single secret c to be store by a cloud storage provider S; (ii) Using secret c, each client may easily recovery their own original file respectively; (iii) If the server alters c in any way, no clients will be able to retrieve its original file (this policy is called all-or-noting-integrity). (iv) All the parties in the entangled scheme should be authenticated. Finally, we give a full specification of this scheme, including how to realize specific policies, how to design the scheme, how to prove the schemes security.

Storing data in the form of quantum states on cloud servers can significantly enhance storage efficiency. The storage and sharing of quantum data on cloud servers necessitate consideration of security issues. An ingenious solution is to store data in the form of ciphertext on cloud servers. When data needs to be shared with users, the cloud server performs a second encryption on the data ciphertext and sends the doubly encrypted ciphertext to the users. Users can decrypt and obtain the data itself using their private keys. This process can be regarded as the transformation of the data owner’s ciphertext into a shared ciphertext by a third party (the cloud server). This study proposes a new quantum data sharing scheme for cloud servers. One of our main contributions is the realization of sharing specific data with users who have appropriate permissions (satisfying certain attribute-based conditions). The security of the scheme is demonstrated through key analysis, plaintext analysis, first-level ciphertext analysis, and second-level ciphertext analysis.

Abstract Secret sharing, as an important cryptographic technique, effectively reduces the risk of single points of failure and centralized leakage by distributing secret information across multiple independent entities. With the widespread application of cloud computing and cloud storage, achieving long-term secure storage and controllable recovery of sensitive data in untrusted cloud environments has become a critical issue. Traditional cloud storage solutions face potential risks of security degradation and privacy exposure under long-term operation and future quantum computing threats. This paper proposes a quantum secret sharing (QSS) scheme for cloud storage scenarios, combining the threshold secret sharing with quantum secure communication and quantum information processing to achieve distributed storage and secure reconstruction of secret information across multiple cloud servers. A quantum identity authentication mechanism is introduced to the authenticated user based on a quantum sequence. This protocol enhances the long-term security of the system during the storage phase through threshold distribution and proactive share refreshing mechanisms, and utilizes quantum states to complete the secure reconstruction of secrets during the recovery phase. Additionally, this scheme avoids direct interaction between cloud servers, improving the security in untrusted cloud environments. Security analysis shows that this protocol can effectively resist threats such as external eavesdropping and internal collusion.

An efficient way of ensuring security in cloud is to give secure data access control among untrusted cloud server. Hence to improve the security, a new system could be introduced such as Quantum Security Scheme which invokes Quantum gates for encryption purpose. Quantum cryptography has been rapidly developing these days due to its efficient service which is provided by means of key generation and key distribution. Quantum Ciphertext-Policy Attribute Based Encryption (QCP-ABE) is a promising technique for data access control on encrypted data. This scheme also achieves mutual authentication among those authorities involving in the system and it also achieves both forward and backward security.

Cloud Storage Service(CSS) provides unbounded, robust file storage capability and facilitates for pay-per-use and collaborative work to end users. But due to security issues like lack of confidentiality, malicious insiders, it has not gained wide spread acceptance to store sensitive information. Researchers have proposed proxy re-encryption schemes for secure data sharing through cloud. Due to advancement of computing technologies and advent of quantum computing algorithms, security of existing schemes can be compromised within seconds. Hence there is a need for designing security schemes which can be quantum computing resistant. In this paper, a secure file sharing scheme through cloud storage using proxy re-encryption technique has been proposed. The proposed scheme is proven to be chosen ciphertext secure(CCA) under hardness of ring-LWE, Search problem using random oracle model. The proposed scheme outperforms the existing CCA secure schemes in-terms of re-encryption time and decryption time for encrypted files which results in an efficient file sharing scheme through cloud storage.

We provide an encryption protocol for storing highly confidential data of a user on a public cloud storage. We show that the protocol provides unconditional security. More specifically, we prove that the protocol is semantically secure against an all-powerful adversary with unbounded computational power and storage capacity who has complete access to the communication line. The provided protocol is very simple, it is implemented by exploiting finite group modular addition and XOR operations. The protocol provides a high security gain defined as the ratio of the amount of data (in bits) that can be securely stored on the public cloud and the number of secret bits required to be stored at the user end. As an illustrative example, according to the protocol, by using 40.2 Terabytes (TBs) of secret bits, a user is able to store 5.9 ×108TBs of data on a public storage with guaranteed everlasting security.

The ability of individuals or organizations to initiate user-driven sharing of sensitive data, such as confidential financial information, is critical in cloud storage services. Numerous authentication and key agreement schemes have been proposed as solutions for encrypted data access and sharing, tailored to various scenarios. However, most of these solutions only support third-party authentication or internal cloud sharing, which can restrict the data owner’s control over access and limit the scope of data sharing. To address this issue, we propose a Cross Cloud-Domain Quantum Entanglement Swapping (CCQES) architecture that incorporates quantum circuits into the network connecting service providers and users. Within this CCQES framework, we introduce an authentication and key agreement scheme that enables two cross cloud-domain data owners to utilize quantum measurements for mutual authentication. Additionally, data owners can negotiate a session key for bidirectional data sharing through quantum gates. These features empower cloud users to maintain sovereign control over their stored data while facilitating collaboration with users from other cloud domains. Performance evaluation experiments conducted using the IBMQ QASM (Quantum Assembly Language) simulator on the cloud platform demonstrate that any user within the CCQES can authenticate with foreign users and negotiate a random key.