Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks

Four-Photon Partition at Beamsplitter in Parametric Down-Conversion with Pulsed Pumping

Z. Y. Ou, June‐Koo Kevin Rhee, L. J. Wang

Published Dec 19, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

When four photons arrive at a beamsplitter, two from each side, four-photon interference will occur such that the probability for three photons to exit from one side and one photon from the other vanishes while the probability for four photon to exit from one side is hence increased. We will analyze the phenomenon and report an experiment to demonstrate it in parametric down-conversion with pulsed pumping. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

DOI
10.1007/0-306-47097-7_70

Related papers

Observation of Four-Photon Interference with a Beam Splitter by Pulsed Parametric Down-Conversion

Z. Y. Ou, June‐Koo Kevin Rhee, L. J. Wang

When four photons arrive at a beam splitter, two from each side, a four-photon, six-path interference effect occurs to yield a sixfold enhancement of the probability for all four photons to exit together from the beam splitter. We produce the four-photon state by using the stimulated emission process in a pulsed parametric down-conversion and measure the probability for all four photons to exit from one side of the beam splitter. The observed enhancement factor is in good agreement with a multimode treatment of pulsed down-conversion.

Physical Review Letters•Aug 2, 1999•113 citations

Photon bunching and multiphoton interference in parametric down-conversion

Z. Y. Ou, June‐Koo Kevin Rhee, L. J. Wang

A number of multiphoton interference schemes involving independent fields from parametric down-conversion are analyzed. They include fourth-order (two-photon) interference between two fields from two independent parametric down-conversion processes, interference with two independent single photon Fock states (produced by gated parametric down-conversion), and quantum state teleportation and entanglement swapping. It is shown that the visibility in these interference experiments is related to a quantity that is responsible for the photon bunching effect in one of the fields (signal or idler) from the parametric down-conversion process. Besides the two-photon interference schemes, a four-photon interference scheme is discussed where we consider four-photon partition at a beamsplitter. It is found that probability distribution of the partition is dramatically changed by four-photon interference of six paths and the four-photon effect also depends on the same quantity responsible for photon bunching. We will discuss the difference between two-photon interference and four-photon interference.

Physical Review A•Jul 1, 1999•107 citations

Quantum interference by two temporally distinguishable pulses

Y.-H. Kim, Maria V. Chekhova, S. P. Kulik +1 more

We have experimentally demonstrated two-photon interference between biphoton amplitudes arising from two well-separated pump pulses. It is important to note the following. 1) The pump pulse intensity was low enough so that single counting rates of the detectors were kept much smaller than pulse repetition rates: the probability of having one spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) photon pair per pulse in our experiment is negligible. Hence the interference cannot be explained as two SPDC photons from two pump pulses (one SPDC photon pair from each pulse) interfering at the detectors. The two pump pulses simply provide two biphoton amplitudes which could result in coincidence counts, and interference occurs between these two biphoton amplitudes only when they are indistinguishable. 2) The BBO crystal in our experiment was only 100 /spl mu/m thick, so the two-pulse did not exist in BBO at the same time at any moment. 3) Due to the delays in the interferometer (/spl tau/ /spl tau//sub 1/), the signal-idler never met at the beamsplitter. Therefore, the existence of two-photon interference cannot be viewed as the interference between the signal and idler photons. These three points again emphasize the fact that it is the indistinguishability of the two-photon Feynman alternatives for the biphoton amplitudes which is responsible for the two-photon quantum interference effects.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)•Jan 20, 2003•0 citations

Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer with one and two photon pairs

Olavo Cosme, Sebastião Pádua, Fabio Antonio Bovino +3 more

We study the Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer in the regime of spontaneous parametric down-conversion with high pump beam power at the crystal. In this regime one and two photons from a pump pulsed laser beam generate one and two pairs of photons, respectively. These photons are then directed to the beam splitter of the interferometer and detected at its exit in coincidence. An interesting phenomenon is observed: The reduction of the visibility of the Hong-Ou-Mandel coincidence peak (or dip) with the increase of pump power. We study the relation between the visibility of the fourth-order interference pattern and the power of the pumping laser beam for type I and type II phase-matching crystals. Our theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Physical Review A•May 30, 2008•27 citations

Observation of the two- and four-photon bunching effects at a beamsplitter

L.J. Wang, June‐Koo Kevin Rhee

Summary form only given. When the two signals are aligned into the opposite input ports of a beamsplitter and their relative arrival time is varied by using a controlled delay, we count the events where all four photons exit together. We observe a more than five fold (ideally sixfold) increase of this probability when the four photons arrive at the beamsplitter simultaneously.

Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference•Jan 20, 2003•0 citations

Analysis of photon triplet generation in pulsed cascaded parametric down-conversion sources

Stephan Krapick, Christine Silberhorn

We analyze the generation rates and preparation fidelities of photon triplet states in pulsed cascaded parametric down-conversion (PDC) under realistic experimental circumstances. As a model system, we assume a monolithically integrated device with negligible interface loss between the two consecutive PDC stages. We model the secondary down-conversion process in terms of a lossy channel and provide a detailed analysis of noise contributions. Taking variable pump powers into account, we estimate the impact of higher-order photon contributions and conversion processes on the achievable coincidence probabilities. At mean photon numbers of $\langle m\rangle\sim0.25$ photons per pulse behind the first PDC stage, we expect around $4.0$ genuine photon triplets per hour. Additionally, we discuss fundamental limitations of our model system as well as feasible improvements to the detectable photon triplet rate.

arXiv:1506.07655•Jun 25, 2015•0 citations
When four photons arrive at a beamsplitter, two from each side, four-photon interference will occur such that the probability for three photons to exit from one side and one photon from the other vanishes while the probability for four photon to exit from one side is hence increased. We will analyze the phenomenon and report an experiment to demonstrate it in parametric down-conversion with pulsed pumping. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
When four photons arrive at a beam splitter, two from each side, a four-photon, six-path interference effect occurs to yield a sixfold enhancement of the probability for all four photons to exit together from the beam splitter. We produce the four-photon state by using the stimulated emission process in a pulsed parametric down-conversion and measure the probability for all four photons to exit from one side of the beam splitter. The observed enhancement factor is in good agreement with a multimode treatment of pulsed down-conversion.
A number of multiphoton interference schemes involving independent fields from parametric down-conversion are analyzed. They include fourth-order (two-photon) interference between two fields from two independent parametric down-conversion processes, interference with two independent single photon Fock states (produced by gated parametric down-conversion), and quantum state teleportation and entanglement swapping. It is shown that the visibility in these interference experiments is related to a quantity that is responsible for the photon bunching effect in one of the fields (signal or idler) from the parametric down-conversion process. Besides the two-photon interference schemes, a four-photon interference scheme is discussed where we consider four-photon partition at a beamsplitter. It is found that probability distribution of the partition is dramatically changed by four-photon interference of six paths and the four-photon effect also depends on the same quantity responsible for photon bunching. We will discuss the difference between two-photon interference and four-photon interference.
We have experimentally demonstrated two-photon interference between biphoton amplitudes arising from two well-separated pump pulses. It is important to note the following. 1) The pump pulse intensity was low enough so that single counting rates of the detectors were kept much smaller than pulse repetition rates: the probability of having one spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) photon pair per pulse in our experiment is negligible. Hence the interference cannot be explained as two SPDC photons from two pump pulses (one SPDC photon pair from each pulse) interfering at the detectors. The two pump pulses simply provide two biphoton amplitudes which could result in coincidence counts, and interference occurs between these two biphoton amplitudes only when they are indistinguishable. 2) The BBO crystal in our experiment was only 100 /spl mu/m thick, so the two-pulse did not exist in BBO at the same time at any moment. 3) Due to the delays in the interferometer (/spl tau/ /spl tau//sub 1/), the signal-idler never met at the beamsplitter. Therefore, the existence of two-photon interference cannot be viewed as the interference between the signal and idler photons. These three points again emphasize the fact that it is the indistinguishability of the two-photon Feynman alternatives for the biphoton amplitudes which is responsible for the two-photon quantum interference effects.
We study the Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer in the regime of spontaneous parametric down-conversion with high pump beam power at the crystal. In this regime one and two photons from a pump pulsed laser beam generate one and two pairs of photons, respectively. These photons are then directed to the beam splitter of the interferometer and detected at its exit in coincidence. An interesting phenomenon is observed: The reduction of the visibility of the Hong-Ou-Mandel coincidence peak (or dip) with the increase of pump power. We study the relation between the visibility of the fourth-order interference pattern and the power of the pumping laser beam for type I and type II phase-matching crystals. Our theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results.
We analyze the generation rates and preparation fidelities of photon triplet states in pulsed cascaded parametric down-conversion (PDC) under realistic experimental circumstances. As a model system, we assume a monolithically integrated device with negligible interface loss between the two consecutive PDC stages. We model the secondary down-conversion process in terms of a lossy channel and provide a detailed analysis of noise contributions. Taking variable pump powers into account, we estimate the impact of higher-order photon contributions and conversion processes on the achievable coincidence probabilities. At mean photon numbers of ⟨m⟩∼0.25\langle m\rangle\sim0.25⟨m⟩∼0.25 photons per pulse behind the first PDC stage, we expect around 4.04.04.0 genuine photon triplets per hour. Additionally, we discuss fundamental limitations of our model system as well as feasible improvements to the detectable photon triplet rate.