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Physical Review A

Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer with one and two photon pairs

Olavo Cosme, Sebastião Pádua, Fabio Antonio Bovino, A. Mazzei, Fabio Sciarrino, F. De Martini

Published May 30, 2008• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer in the regime of spontaneous parametric down-conversion with high pump beam power at the crystal. In this regime one and two photons from a pump pulsed laser beam generate one and two pairs of photons, respectively. These photons are then directed to the beam splitter of the interferometer and detected at its exit in coincidence. An interesting phenomenon is observed: The reduction of the visibility of the Hong-Ou-Mandel coincidence peak (or dip) with the increase of pump power. We study the relation between the visibility of the fourth-order interference pattern and the power of the pumping laser beam for type I and type II phase-matching crystals. Our theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.053822

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Physical Review A•Apr 1, 1998•81 citations
We study the Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer in the regime of spontaneous parametric down-conversion with high pump beam power at the crystal. In this regime one and two photons from a pump pulsed laser beam generate one and two pairs of photons, respectively. These photons are then directed to the beam splitter of the interferometer and detected at its exit in coincidence. An interesting phenomenon is observed: The reduction of the visibility of the Hong-Ou-Mandel coincidence peak (or dip) with the increase of pump power. We study the relation between the visibility of the fourth-order interference pattern and the power of the pumping laser beam for type I and type II phase-matching crystals. Our theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results.
In the nonlinear optical process of spontaneous parametric down conversion, a laser beam incident in a nonlinear crystal, generates pairs of photons. In this process energy and momentum are conserved. This process is used in diverse studies in Quantum Optics. We worked with state of the parametric down-conversion process where two and four photons are generated. This state is used in the Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer (HOM). The use of the HOM interferometer for studies with two entangled photons is vast. An intriguing phenomenon, observed in this and many other interferometer that uses optic pumping, is the reduction of the visibility of the tax of coincidence of photons, in the exit of the interferometer, with the increase of the power of the laser pump. In this work we study the dependence of the visibility of the standard of interference of fourth order with the power of the laser that generates the pairs of photons. Our results are in good agreement with experimental results.
We herein study the rate of coincidences in a Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometer exit whose arms have been supplemented by two optical cavities which reflect the photons generated by parametric down conversion. The fourth-order correlation function at the beam-splitter exit is calculated. In the regime where the coherence length of the photons is larger than the cavities lengths, photon coalescence and anti-coalescence interferences are observed. In particular, complete anti-coalescence between photons generated by parametric down conversion Type I is evidenced. The photons reshaping as they are reflected by the cavities are also studied and path diagrams for the indistinguishable processes that lead to quantum interference are presented.
The interference of photons with the same polarization generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer, after one of them passed through a symmetric cavity, is demonstrated experimentally. In the regime where the cavity length is larger than the one-photon coherence length, photon coalescence and anticoalescence interference is observed. We show that by changing the cavity length, coincidence peaks can be transformed in dips and vice versa, even though the coherence length of the photon wave packet is smaller than the cavity length. The photon pair coalescence or anticoalescence at the beam splitter can be controlled by changing the length of the cavity.