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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Quantum Communication Based on Multi-photon Entanglement

Jian-Wei Pan, Yu-Ao Chen, Qiang Zhang

Published May 21, 2006• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We present several experimental progresses for advanced quantum communication based on multi-photon entanglement, including quantum secret sharing and third man quantum cryptography, quantum error rejection, fault tolerant quantum cryptography and quantum-relay-assisted key distribution.

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Quantum Communications and Cryptography

Quantum Cryptography A. Ekert Quantum Communications with Optical Fibers N. Gisin, S. Iblisdir, W. Tittel, and H. Zbinden Advanced Quantum Communications Experiments with Entangled Photons M. Aspelmeyer, H. R. B.. ohm, A. Fedrizzi, S. Gasparoni, M. Lindenthal, G. Molina-Terriza, A. Poppe, K. Resch, R. Ursin, P. Walther, A. Zeilinger, and T. Jennewein The DARPA Quantum Network C. Elliott Experimental Cryptography Using Continuous Polarization States S. Lorenz, N. Lutkenhaus, G. Leuchs, and N. Korolkova Quantum Logic Using Linear Optics J.D. Franson, B.C. Jacobs, and T.B. Pittman Practical Quantum Cryptography: Secrecy Capacity and Privacy Amplification G. Gilbert, M. Hamrick, and F.J. Thayer Quantum State Sharing T. Symul, A.M. Lance, W.P. Bowen, P.K. Lam, B.C. Sanders, and T.C. Ralph Free-Space Quantum Cryptography C. Kurtsiefer, M. Halder, H. Weinfurter, P. Zarda, P.R. Tapster, P.M. Gorman, and J.G. Rarity Noise-Immune Quantum Key Distribution Z.D. Walton, A.V. Sergienko, B.E.A. Saleh, and M.C. Teich Index

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Advanced Quantum Communications Experiments with Entangled Photons

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Quantum communication and quantum computation are novel methods of information transfer and information processing, all fundamentally based on the principles of quantum physics. The performances outdo their classical counterparts in many aspects [1,2]. In almost all quantum communication and quantum computation schemes, quantum entanglement [3] plays a decisive role. In essence, an entangled system can carry all information (e.g., on their polarization properties) only in their correlations, while no individual subsystem carries any information. This leads to correlations that are much stronger than classically allowed [89, 100], which is a powerful resource for information processing. It is therefore important to be able to generate, manipulate, and distribute entanglement as accurately and as efficiently as possible.

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We present several experimental progresses for advanced quantum communication based on multi-photon entanglement. Quantum secret sharing (QSS) and third-man quantum cryptograph (TQC) shows the advancement in multi-party quantum communication. Quantum error rejection (QER) holds the promise for error-free transfer in long-distance quantum communication. Fault-tolerant quantum cryptography in a decoherence-free subspace (DFS) and quantum-relay-assisted key distribution respectively overcome the difficulties caused by decoherence and photon loss, the two main crucial problems in long-distance quantum communication.
Quantum secret sharing (QSS) and third-man quantum cryptography (TQC) are essential for advanced quantum communication; however, the low intensity and fragility of the multiphoton entanglement source in previous experiments have made their realization an extreme experimental challenge. Here, we develop and exploit an ultrastable high intensity source of four-photon entanglement to report an experimental realization of QSS and TQC. The technology developed in our experiment will be important for future multiparty quantum communication.
Recent progress in quantum technologies has brought quantum communication and networking from a largely theoretical idea to an emerging practical reality. By exploiting fundamental quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement, quantum communication promises capabilities that are fundamentally different and out of reach for classical communication systems, particularly in terms of security and information sharing. This review aims to present the essential theoretical concepts required to understand quantum communication, alongside an experimental and engineering perspective that highlights how these ideas are realized using real hardware. We explain core principles and protocols in a manner that connects the physics to practical system design, allowing readers to see how quantum theory and communication technology jointly enable quantum networking. The paper further surveys recent experimental and technological advances that have made practical quantum communication possible, emphasizing the role of photonic hardware, sources, detectors, and integrated platforms in enabling key operations, now leading to deployment of multi-node long-distance quantum networks. Finally, we also present the current developments in quantum-secure communication and quantum networking efforts undergoing in India, placing them in the context of the global progress.
Quantum Cryptography A. Ekert Quantum Communications with Optical Fibers N. Gisin, S. Iblisdir, W. Tittel, and H. Zbinden Advanced Quantum Communications Experiments with Entangled Photons M. Aspelmeyer, H. R. B.. ohm, A. Fedrizzi, S. Gasparoni, M. Lindenthal, G. Molina-Terriza, A. Poppe, K. Resch, R. Ursin, P. Walther, A. Zeilinger, and T. Jennewein The DARPA Quantum Network C. Elliott Experimental Cryptography Using Continuous Polarization States S. Lorenz, N. Lutkenhaus, G. Leuchs, and N. Korolkova Quantum Logic Using Linear Optics J.D. Franson, B.C. Jacobs, and T.B. Pittman Practical Quantum Cryptography: Secrecy Capacity and Privacy Amplification G. Gilbert, M. Hamrick, and F.J. Thayer Quantum State Sharing T. Symul, A.M. Lance, W.P. Bowen, P.K. Lam, B.C. Sanders, and T.C. Ralph Free-Space Quantum Cryptography C. Kurtsiefer, M. Halder, H. Weinfurter, P. Zarda, P.R. Tapster, P.M. Gorman, and J.G. Rarity Noise-Immune Quantum Key Distribution Z.D. Walton, A.V. Sergienko, B.E.A. Saleh, and M.C. Teich Index
Quantum communication and quantum computation are novel methods of information transfer and information processing, all fundamentally based on the principles of quantum physics. The performances outdo their classical counterparts in many aspects [1,2]. In almost all quantum communication and quantum computation schemes, quantum entanglement [3] plays a decisive role. In essence, an entangled system can carry all information (e.g., on their polarization properties) only in their correlations, while no individual subsystem carries any information. This leads to correlations that are much stronger than classically allowed [89, 100], which is a powerful resource for information processing. It is therefore important to be able to generate, manipulate, and distribute entanglement as accurately and as efficiently as possible.