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Quasioptical Terahertz Spectrometer Based on a Josephson Oscillator and a Cold Electron Nanobolometer

Michael A. Tarasov, L. S. Kuzmin, Е. А. Степанцов, Anna Kidiyarova-Shevchenko

Published May 13, 2007• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4020-5107-4_22

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For sensitive wideband spectroscopy at THz frequencies with performance better than for Fourier Transform Spectrometer, one needs a wide-range electrically tunable, narrow linewidth THz source, and a sensitive broadband detector. To obtain a low noise level of sensor we use a superconducting normal metal cold electron bolometer (CEB). A voltage response of the bolometer is 4.108 V/W and an amplifier-limited technical noise equivalent power of the bolometer is 1.25.10-17 W/Hz1/2. The wide band electrically tuned terahertz band cryogenic oscillator is a Josephson junction. Contrary to conventional Josephson junctions based on niobium, and naturally limited in frequency by energy gap of about 700 GHz, the high critical temperature YBaCuO junctions can extend this limit by an order of magnitude. At 4 K such oscillators can radiate at frequencies exceeding 2 THz. Signals received by bolometers integrated with double-dipole and log-periodic antennas and irradiated by the Josephson oscillator show in our experiments the high frequency response corresponding to an oscillation frequency of up to 1.75 THz. Such cryogenic terahertz network analyzer is suitable for low-signal spectral evaluation of cryogenic detectors, quasioptical sub-mm cryogenic filters, planar antennas with planar microwave filters, integrated structures comprising such elements, and arrays of cryogenic receivers.

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In this paper we present design and first experimental results of the 550 650 GHz channel for the Terahertz Limb Sounder (TELIS), a three-channel balloon-borne heterodyne spectrometer for atmospheric research. This frequency channel is based on a phase-locked Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR). SIR is an on-chip combination of a low-noise SIS mixer with quasioptical antenna, a superconducting Flux Flow Oscillator (FFO) acting as Local Oscillator (LO) and SIS harmonic mixer (HM) for FFO phase locking. The microcircuit is designed as a quasioptical mixer. Amplification of the mixer IF signal and first stage PLL circuitry is done by InP based low noise HEMT amplifiers. Optical design analysis and first experimental results, which include FTS and noise temperature measurements, are reported. Index Terms — Josephson mixers, integrated receiver, superconducting devices

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Terahertz transmission spectroscopy by Josephson oscillator and cold-electron bolometer

Michael A. Tarasov, L. S. Kuzmin, Evgueni Stepantsov +4 more

For sensitive wideband spectroscopy at TeraHertz frequencies one needs a wide-range electrically tunable THz source and a sensitive detector. In this paper a superconducting normal metal cold electron bolometer (CEB) was used as a broadband sensor. Bolometers were integrated with broadband log-periodic antenna designed for 0.2-2 THz frequency range and double-dipole antennas designed for 300 and 600 GHz central frequency. A Josephson junction was used as a wide band electrically tuned terahertz cryogenic oscillator. Bicrystal YBaCuO Josephson junctions demonstrated a characteristic voltage IcRn of over 4 mV that corresponds to characteristic frequency about 2 THz. The bolometer chip is attached to a Si substrate lens at 260 mK and the oscillator chip is attached to the sapphire substrate lens at 1.8 K, with lenses facing each other at the distance of few centimeters. High signal was measured in the whole frequency range up to 1.7 THz by simple changing the bias voltage of Josephson junction from zero to 3.5 mV. A voltage response of the bolometer up to 4*108 V/W corresponds to an amplifier-limited technical noise equivalent power of the bolometer NEP=1.25*10-17 W/Hz1/2. Combining a Terahertz band Josephson junction, a high-sensitive hot electron bolometer, and a sample under test in between, makes it possible to develop a cryogenic compact Terahertz-band transmission spectrometer with a resolution below 1 GHz corresponding to the linewidth of Josephson oscillations. For frequencies below 600 GHz a conventional Nb shunted SIS junction can be used as Josephson oscillator.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Dec 8, 2004•3 citations
For sensitive wideband spectroscopy at THz frequencies with performance better than for Fourier Transform Spectrometer, one needs a wide-range electrically tunable, narrow linewidth THz source, and a sensitive broadband detector. To obtain a low noise level of sensor we use a superconducting normal metal cold electron bolometer (CEB). A voltage response of the bolometer is 4.108 V/W and an amplifier-limited technical noise equivalent power of the bolometer is 1.25.10-17 W/Hz1/2. The wide band electrically tuned terahertz band cryogenic oscillator is a Josephson junction. Contrary to conventional Josephson junctions based on niobium, and naturally limited in frequency by energy gap of about 700 GHz, the high critical temperature YBaCuO junctions can extend this limit by an order of magnitude. At 4 K such oscillators can radiate at frequencies exceeding 2 THz. Signals received by bolometers integrated with double-dipole and log-periodic antennas and irradiated by the Josephson oscillator show in our experiments the high frequency response corresponding to an oscillation frequency of up to 1.75 THz. Such cryogenic terahertz network analyzer is suitable for low-signal spectral evaluation of cryogenic detectors, quasioptical sub-mm cryogenic filters, planar antennas with planar microwave filters, integrated structures comprising such elements, and arrays of cryogenic receivers.
In this paper we present design and first experimental results of the 550 650 GHz channel for the Terahertz Limb Sounder (TELIS), a three-channel balloon-borne heterodyne spectrometer for atmospheric research. This frequency channel is based on a phase-locked Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR). SIR is an on-chip combination of a low-noise SIS mixer with quasioptical antenna, a superconducting Flux Flow Oscillator (FFO) acting as Local Oscillator (LO) and SIS harmonic mixer (HM) for FFO phase locking. The microcircuit is designed as a quasioptical mixer. Amplification of the mixer IF signal and first stage PLL circuitry is done by InP based low noise HEMT amplifiers. Optical design analysis and first experimental results, which include FTS and noise temperature measurements, are reported. Index Terms — Josephson mixers, integrated receiver, superconducting devices
For sensitive wideband spectroscopy at TeraHertz frequencies one needs a wide-range electrically tunable THz source and a sensitive detector. In this paper a superconducting normal metal cold electron bolometer (CEB) was used as a broadband sensor. Bolometers were integrated with broadband log-periodic antenna designed for 0.2-2 THz frequency range and double-dipole antennas designed for 300 and 600 GHz central frequency. A Josephson junction was used as a wide band electrically tuned terahertz cryogenic oscillator. Bicrystal YBaCuO Josephson junctions demonstrated a characteristic voltage IcRn of over 4 mV that corresponds to characteristic frequency about 2 THz. The bolometer chip is attached to a Si substrate lens at 260 mK and the oscillator chip is attached to the sapphire substrate lens at 1.8 K, with lenses facing each other at the distance of few centimeters. High signal was measured in the whole frequency range up to 1.7 THz by simple changing the bias voltage of Josephson junction from zero to 3.5 mV. A voltage response of the bolometer up to 4*108 V/W corresponds to an amplifier-limited technical noise equivalent power of the bolometer NEP=1.25*10-17 W/Hz1/2. Combining a Terahertz band Josephson junction, a high-sensitive hot electron bolometer, and a sample under test in between, makes it possible to develop a cryogenic compact Terahertz-band transmission spectrometer with a resolution below 1 GHz corresponding to the linewidth of Josephson oscillations. For frequencies below 600 GHz a conventional Nb shunted SIS junction can be used as Josephson oscillator.