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Quantum noise reduction using a cavity with a movable mirror

Claude Fabre, M. Pinard, S. Bourzeix, A. Heidmann, E. Giacobino, Serge Reynaud

Published May 8, 1994• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

When a light beam interacts with Kerr medium inside an optical cavity, its quantum fluctuations are squeezed.1 One can show that perfect squeezing can be obtained close to the turning points of the bistability curve. In order to implement such a scheme, one needs perfect Kerr media (with no losses, infinite frequency bandwidth and no excess noise) that are not available to date.2 We study here a new kind of Kerr medium, in which the nonlinearity has a mechanical origin: if a mirror is free to move, the radiation pressure will induce a coupling between its position and the intensity of the light beam, thus modifying the optical path in an intensity-dependent way.

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Quantum-noise reduction using a cavity with a movable mirror

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Quantum nondemolition measurement of optical field fluctuations by optomechanical interaction

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According to quantum mechanics, if we keep observing a continuous variable we generally disturb its evolution. For a class of observables, however, it is possible to implement a so-called quantum nondemolition measurement: by confining the perturbation to the conjugate variable, the observable is estimated with arbitrary accuracy, or prepared in a well-known state. For instance, when the light bounces on a movable mirror, its intensity is not perturbed (the effect is just seen on the phase of the radiation), but the radiation pressure allows one to trace back its fluctuations by observing the mirror motion. In this work, we implement a cavity optomechanical experiment based on an oscillating micromirror, and we measure correlations between the output light intensity fluctuations and the mirror motion. We demonstrate that the uncertainty of the former is reduced below the shot-noise level determined by the corpuscular nature of light.

arXiv:1611.00917•Physical Review A•Mar 16, 2018•19 citations
When a light beam interacts with Kerr medium inside an optical cavity, its quantum fluctuations are squeezed.1 One can show that perfect squeezing can be obtained close to the turning points of the bistability curve. In order to implement such a scheme, one needs perfect Kerr media (with no losses, infinite frequency bandwidth and no excess noise) that are not available to date.2 We study here a new kind of Kerr medium, in which the nonlinearity has a mechanical origin: if a mirror is free to move, the radiation pressure will induce a coupling between its position and the intensity of the light beam, thus modifying the optical path in an intensity-dependent way.
We analyze nonlinear transverse mode coupling in a Kerr medium placed in an optical cavity and its influence on bistability and different kinds of quantum noise reduction. Even for an input beam that is perfectly matched to a cavity mode, the nonlinear coupling produces an excess noise in the fluctuations of the output beam. Intensity squeezing seems to be particularly robust with respect to mode coupling, while quadrature squeezing is more sensitive. However, it is possible to find a mode whose quadrature squeezing is not affected by the coupling. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
A passive optical system is proposed to explore the intensity quantum correlation of two twin beams to reduce the photon noise of one of them. It consists of using a semiconductor medium inside an optical cavity, which behaves as a nonlinear medium presenting a crossed Kerr effect. The intensity fluctuations of one beam modify the resonance condition of the cavity for the other beam and therefore its intensity. The medium is described microscopically within the two-level atom model. It is shown that, under typical experimental conditions, this system may produce noise reduction.
We consider here the problem of quantum noise in light produced by an optical parametric oscillator operating below threshold inside a singlesided cavity. By employing the correct boundary conditions on quantum fields at the output mirror, a procedure that is valid for arbitrary mirror transmission, we derive exact expressions for quantum noise reduction for arbitrary pump phase and mirror out-coupling. We find that for a given out-coupling, squeezing of quantum noise in the intracavity field increases to a final value of 50%, as the pump intensity is increased and the oscillation threshold is approached. The output field on the other hand exhibits perfect squeezing of noise in one quadrature of its central Fourier component at threshold regardless of the mirror out-coupling. The present approach, which is based on boundary conditions, is quite general and applicable to any matter-field interaction problem inside a cavity. In fact, we have previously employed this approach in the calculation of the intrinsic linewidth of a laser with arbitrary out-coupling.1
According to quantum mechanics, if we keep observing a continuous variable we generally disturb its evolution. For a class of observables, however, it is possible to implement a so-called quantum nondemolition measurement: by confining the perturbation to the conjugate variable, the observable is estimated with arbitrary accuracy, or prepared in a well-known state. For instance, when the light bounces on a movable mirror, its intensity is not perturbed (the effect is just seen on the phase of the radiation), but the radiation pressure allows one to trace back its fluctuations by observing the mirror motion. In this work, we implement a cavity optomechanical experiment based on an oscillating micromirror, and we measure correlations between the output light intensity fluctuations and the mirror motion. We demonstrate that the uncertainty of the former is reduced below the shot-noise level determined by the corpuscular nature of light.