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Chinese Physics B

Continuously tunable sub-half-wavelength localization via coherent control of spontaneous emission

Fei Wang, Cheng Gong, Xinyu Tan, Wenxing Shi

Published Nov 1, 2012• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a continuously tunable method of sub-half-wavelength localization via the coherent control of the spontaneous emission of a four-level Y-type atomic system, which is coupled to three strong coupling fields including a standing-wave field together with a weak probe field. It is shown that the sub-half-wavelength atomic localization is realized for both resonance and off-resonance cases. Furthermore, by varying the probe detuning in succession, the positions of the two localization peaks are tuned continuously within a wide range of probe field frequencies, which provides convenience for the realization of sub-half-wavelength atomic localization experimentally.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/21/11/114206

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We propose a continuously tunable method of sub-half-wavelength localization via the coherent control of the spontaneous emission of a four-level Y-type atomic system, which is coupled to three strong coupling fields including a standing-wave field together with a weak probe field. It is shown that the sub-half-wavelength atomic localization is realized for both resonance and off-resonance cases. Furthermore, by varying the probe detuning in succession, the positions of the two localization peaks are tuned continuously within a wide range of probe field frequencies, which provides convenience for the realization of sub-half-wavelength atomic localization experimentally.
We show that it is possible to localize an atom in a half-wavelength region by relaxing the strict condition that the atom is prepared in a specific excited state as in the recently proposed scheme [Phys. Rev. A 65 (2002) 043819]. In particular, we consider a four-level atom, for which a weak exciting field transfers population from the ground state to the excited state and three control fields (one standing-wave field while two travelling-wave fields) couple the excited state and two auxiliary states. By tuning the exciting field and by varying the collective phase of the control fields, the atom is localized in one of the two half-wavelength regions with 50% detecting probability. The main advantage of the scheme is the experimental accessibility and controllability.
We propose a scheme for subwavelength localization of an atom conditioned upon the absorption of a weak probe field at a particular frequency. Manipulating atom-field interaction on a certain transition by applying drive fields on nearby coupled transitions leads to interesting effects in the absorption spectrum of the weak probe field. We exploit this fact and employ a four-level system with three driving fields and a weak probe field, where one of the drive fields is a standing-wave field of a cavity. We show that the position of an atom along this standing wave is determined when probe-field absorption is measured. We find that absorption of the weak probe field at a certain frequency leads to subwavelength localization of the atom in either of the two half-wavelength regions of the cavity field by appropriate choice of the system parameters. We term this result as sub-half-wavelength localization to contrast it with the usual atom localization result of four peaks spread over one wavelength of the standing wave. We observe two localization peaks in either of the two half-wavelength regions along the cavity axis.
We propose a scheme for two-dimensional sub-half-wavelength atom localization using two lasers with equal frequencies, and obtain the analytical expression of conditional position probability (CPP) using a spontaneous-emission spectrum for a four-level atom which passes through two-dimensional orthogonal standing-wave fields. The quantum interference effect between two decay channels leads to extreme spectral narrowing and quenching of spontaneous emission in some regions of the standing-wave field, which results in the appearance of a high-spatial-resolution localization peak. The two-dimensional sub-half-wavelength atom localization is obtained with high precision and high spatial resolution by adjusting the relative phase and detuning.
We propose a scheme for two-dimensional (2D) atom localization based on the controlled spontaneous emission, in which the atom interacts with two orthogonal standing-wave fields. Due to the spatially dependent atom-field interaction, the position probability distribution of the atom can be directly determined by measuring the resulting spontaneously emission spectrum. The phase sensitive property of the atomic system leads to quenching of the spontaneous emission in some regions of the standing-waves, which significantly reduces the uncertainty in the position measurement of the atom. We find that the frequency measurement of the emitted light localizes the atom in half-wavelength domain. Especially the probability of finding the atom at a particular position can reach 100% when a photon with certain frequency is detected. By increasing the Rabi frequencies of the driving fields, such 2D sub-half-wavelength atom localization can acquire high spatial resolution.
We propose a scheme of atom localization based on the interaction of the atom in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration with a strong bichromatic coupling field and a weak bichromatic probe field with equal frequency difference. One of the bichromatic coupling components is a standing-wave field, which imposes position information on the Rabi frequency. By varying the difference between the relative phases of the two bichromatic fields, the atom is localized in either of the two half-wavelength regions with 50% probability provided the population in the upper state is detected.
We present a scheme for sub-half-wavelength localization based on phase-dependent coherent effects on resonance fluorescence. A three-level atom in the Λ configuration is considered. Two metastable states are so separated from each other that the fluorescence spectra from the different transitions do not overlap. Two dipole-allowed transitions and one dipole-forbidden transition are driven by a standing-wave laser field, a travelling-wave laser field and a microwave field, respectively. The spectrum of fluorescence from the standing-wave coupled transition is dependent not only on the position but also on the collective phase of all applied fields. When the phase is varied and fluorescence photons are detected, 50% probability is achieved in a half-wavelength region. This scheme is as efficient as previous ones based on coherence-controlled Autler–Townes spectra.