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Scheme for a quantum phase gate based on electromagnetically induced transparency

Paolo Tombesi, David Vitali, Carlo Ottaviani, F. S. Cataliotti, M. Artoni

Published Jan 1, 2003• 0 citations
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The interaction of a five-level atomic system involving electromagnetically induced transparency with four light fields is investigated. Two different operating regimes are considered, semi-classical and quantized, where two light fields are treated as quantum. In the semi-classical regime, the dispersive properties of the scheme are analyzed in detail, and the conditions leading to group velocity matching for two of the light fields are identified. In the quantized regime, the two quantum fields undergo cross-phase modulation induced by electromagnetically induced transparency. Based on this, a recent proposal [C. Ottaviani et al., Phys. Rev. A 73 , 010301 (R) (2006)] for a two-qubit quantum phase gate for traveling single-photon qubits is examined. An experimental scheme for verification of QPG operation is proposed.
We demonstrate an observation of zero to $\ensuremath{\pi}$ continuously controllable cross-phase-modulation based on an NNN-type electromagnetically-induced-transparency scheme in a room-temperature 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb vapor. We theoretically and experimentally show that the signal field acquires a $\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase shift compared with the reference light in the presence of the phase-control field. Using the method of the optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer, we demonstrate that a zero to $\ensuremath{\pi}$ continuously controllable phase gate can be built by modulating the phase-control field. In addition, our theoretical calculation agrees well with the experimental observation, and the results presented in this work hold potential applications for the orthogonal polarization or vector gate in quantum information processing.