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Nonlinear Optics

Differential measurements of interband and intersubband coherence and exciton-exciton correlations in quantum wells

Scot A. Hawkins, Martin J. Stevens, Eric J. Gansen, K. Jarašiūnas, Arthur L. Smirl, Duncan G. Steel

Published Jan 1, 2000• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A novel temporally-gated technique and standard differential detection techniques are used to study quantum beats involving the light and heavy hole excitons in GaAs quantum wells. The contributions of intravalence band coherence are separated from those of conduction-to- valence band coherence and the contributions of dynamic exciton-exciton correlations are identified by taking advantage of the polarization selection rules for the excitonic transitions.

DOI
10.1364/nlo.2000.tua2

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A novel temporally-gated technique and standard differential detection techniques are used to study quantum beats involving the light and heavy hole excitons in GaAs quantum wells. The contributions of intravalence band coherence are separated from those of conduction-to- valence band coherence and the contributions of dynamic exciton-exciton correlations are identified by taking advantage of the polarization selection rules for the excitonic transitions.
Quantum beats involving the light-hole and heavy-hole excitons in GaAs quantum wells are studied using both conventional and novel temporally gated differential detection techniques. The contributions of the exciton-exciton correlations are separated from those of the intervalence-band Raman coherence and the interband (population) coherence by monitoring the signal in the probe direction and by taking advantage of the polarization selection rules for the excitonic transitions. The results are shown to be in agreement with a theoretical analysis based on the dynamics-controlled truncation formalism.
Time-integrated differential detection techniques are used to study quantum beats involving the light-hole and heavy-hole excitons in an optically thin InGaAs multiple quantum well. The contributions of the exciton-exciton correlations are separated from those of the intervalence-band Raman coherence and the interband (population) coherence by monitoring the signal in the probe direction and by taking advantage of the polarization selection rules for the excitonic transitions. Quantum beats are observed for pump and probe pulses with the same circular polarization, providing evidence for two-exciton correlations. A theoretical analysis based on the dynamics-controlled truncation formalism suggests that the beats for the same linear polarization arise from Raman, population, and two-exciton contributions.
We demonstrate the presence of strong exciton-exciton correlations in GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum wells by using the polarization selection rules for four-wave mixing and a test that was originally designed to distinguish between quantum beats and polarization interference. We show that, when the four-wave-mixing signal is produced by two pulses that have the same circular polarization, dynamic beating behavior is observed at the heavy-hole-light-hole frequency that provides evidence of Coulomb-induced correlations that go beyond those expected from the semiconductor Bloch equations in the Hartree-Fock approximation and beyond the local field corrections used in simple phenomenological models. Moreover, this behavior cannot be explained by invoking biexcitonic effects. We demonstrate that this dynamic excitonic coupling can be explained in terms of a competition between quantum-beat-like and polarization-interference-like behavior, and we show that such behavior can be used to place quantitative limits on the coupling strength. In addition, we use a simple phenomenological model to show that excitation-induced-dephasing can produce such correlations.
Quantum beats of heavy and light holes in GaAs quantum wells are investigated in femtosecond time-resolved four-wave mixing and transmission experiments as a function of optical excitation energy. Under nonexcitonic excitation conditions, the four-wave mixing signal disappears due to the immediate loss of the interband coherence of continuum states. In the transmission experiment, the quantum beats are observed up to excess energies of 75 meV above the exciton resonances. The experimental data clearly demonstrate the coherence of continuum states in the valence band. Changes of the beat frequency with the excitation energy are due to the dispersion of the valence bands.