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О совместимости корпускулярных и волновых свойств частицы в двухщелевом эксперименте

Nikolay Leonidovich Chuprikov

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A new quantum-mechanical model of the two-slit experiment is presented, in which the wave properties of a particle are compatible with its corpuscular ones. The model is based on the idea which also underlies our previous model of a one-dimensional completed scattering. Its essence is that quantum processes, in which the systems state represents a coherent superposition of microscopically distinct substates (CSMDS), must be considered as complex random processes consisting of alternative subprocesses. Only with a new approach to CSMDSs quantum theory admits a consistent statistical interpretation and becomes free from the paradoxes associated at present with CSMDSs.

Related papers

On the compatibility of the corpuscular and wave properties of a particle in the two-slit experiment

Nikolay Leonidovich Chuprikov

A new quantum-mechanical model of the two-slit experiment is presented, in which the wave properties of a particle are compatible with its corpuscular ones. The model is based on the idea which also underlies our previous model of a one-dimensional completed scattering. Its essence is that quantum processes, in which the systems state represents a coherent superposition of microscopically distinct substates (CSMDS), must be considered as complex random processes consisting of alternative subprocesses. Only with a new approach to CSMDSs quantum theory admits a consistent statistical interpretation and becomes free from the paradoxes associated at present with CSMDSs.

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From a 1D completed scattering and double slit diffraction to the quantum-classical problem: A new approach

Nikolay Leonidovich Chuprikov

We present a new approach to the quantum-classical problem, which treats it as the problem of modelling the quantum phenomenon described by a coherent superposition of microscopically distinct substates (CSMDS) as a compound one consisting of alternative subprocesses creating unremovable contexts for each other, or as that of reducing a non-Kolmogorovian quantum probability space to underlie a CSMDS to the sum of Kolmogorovian ones. We develop such models for a 1D completed scattering and double slit diffraction. The quantum-classical problem disappears when, in quantum theory with its integral superposition principle, CSMDSs obey the "either-or" rule to guide alternative random events. There is no observable which could be associated with the whole ensemble of statistical data described by a CSMDS, because such data are incompatible -- in the case of a CSMDS, any observable splits into noncommuting observables associated with the substates. To calculate the average value of any observable as well as to introduce characteristic times is meaningful only for the substates of a CSMDS. Ignoring this feature in the conventional description of CSMDSs just leads to paradoxical results (e.g., to the Hartman effect and passing a particle through two slits in the screen simultaneously).

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The origin of nonlocality in quantum mechanics (QM) is analyzed from the viewpoint of our new model of a one-dimensional (1D) completed scattering. Our study of quantum nonlocality complements those carried out by Volovich and Khrennikov. They pointed to an unphysical character of nonlocality in Bell's theorem whose context does not contain the very structure of the space-time. However, there is another reason leading to nonlocality in QM. The existing model of a 1D completed scattering evidences that QM, as it stands, even with a proper space-time context, contradicts special relativity. By our model this scattering process represents an entanglement of two coherently evolved alternative sub-processes, transmission and reflection; whose characteristics are measured well after the scattering event. Quantum nonlocality appears in this problem due to the inconsistency of the superposition principle with the corpuscular properties of a particle. It can take part only in one of the sub-processes. However the superposition principle allows introducing observables common for them. In the fresh wording, this principle must forbid introducing observables for entangled states.

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Two-slit experiment and wave-particle duality

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On the basis of an alternative approach to micro-cat states (Found. of Phys., 41, No. 9, p.1502 (2011)) we develop a new model of the two-slit experiment. It explains both this particular experiment and how the wave properties of any ensemble of single quantum particles emerge from their corpuscular ones. The key role in this explanation is played by the indistinguishability of identical quantum particles.

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Macro-Interference a Wonderful Experiment by Demin Макро-интерференция удивительный эксперимент Дёмина

P V Putenikhin

Is described experiment by Demin on the interference of small diameter metal balls. The experimental results can be interpreted with a certain probability as the occurrence of the interference pattern at the fall of the balls through the two slits. This interpretation rejects the interpretation of the superposition of quantum particles as their simultaneous presence in two states or in two points of space at the one and the same time. The superposition principle implies that on the double-slit experiment quantum particle passes through both slits simultaneously. Experiment with the balls within the validity shows that for the appearance of the interference pattern the superposition is not necessary, because impossible to assume that the ball passes through the two slits simultaneously. In addition, it is can be verified. Рассмотрен эксперимент Дёмина С.В. по наблюдению интерференции металлических шариков небольшого диаметра. Результаты эксперимента можно интерпретировать с определённой вероятностью как возникновение интерференционной картины при падении шариков через две щели. Такая интерпретация отвергает трактовку суперпозиции квантовых частиц как их одновременное нахождение в двух состояниях или в двух точках пространства одновременно. Принцип суперпозиции предполагает, что в двухщелевом эксперименте квантовая частица проходит через обе щели одновременно. Эксперимент с шариками в пределах достоверности показывает, что для появления интерференционной картины в физически реализующейся суперпозиции нет необходимости, поскольку невозможно предположить, что шарик проходит через две щели одновременно. К тому же это можно проверить.

•Nov 1, 2015•0 citations

MISCONCEPTIONS IN QUANTUM PHYSICS ARISING FROM THE CLASSICAL PHYSICS

Matúš Sitkey, Terézia Jindrová

In the introductory course of microworld physics and subsequently, in the introduction to quantum physics, students become acquainted with new, more abstract and less intuitive ideas about the microworld. As a result of a different view of measurement and the possibility of measuring physical quantities in the microworld, the definition of the state of the physical system changes. It differs from the definition of the state of the classical system. In classical state, it makes sense to ask about the value of any quantity. With this idea, the student enters the introductory course of quantum theory, where such a question may no longer make sense. In a particular quantum state, a quantum system may not have sharply defined values of all quantities. For a student with standard ideas, this fact can cause problems in understanding quantum theory. Correct classical ideas can thus become a source of incorrect ideas in quantum physics - misconceptions. In this paper, we address some such preconceptions arising from classical physics, which may be potential sources of misconceptions in quantum theory. We deal with the issue of wave-corpuscular dualism and superposition of states. In a sample of 56 students from university of technology in Slovakia, we used a test to determine the occurrence of preconceptions concerning the transition from classical physics to the physics of the microworld. The test consisted of 9 closed questions with the possibility of choosing the correct answer, created using a theoretical example of a double slit experiment. Based on the specific answers of students, we identified misconceptions initially rooted in the standard subject of physics. The students showed misconceptions concerning the different view between the classical and quantum wave, the issue of wave-corpuscular dualism and the principle of superposition. The revealing of these misconceptions and their analysis is beneficial in the future teaching process when the emphasis will be placed in those parts of quantum physics in which the given misconceptions occur and arise.

ICERI proceedings•Nov 1, 2020•1 citation
A new quantum-mechanical model of the two-slit experiment is presented, in which the wave properties of a particle are compatible with its corpuscular ones. The model is based on the idea which also underlies our previous model of a one-dimensional completed scattering. Its essence is that quantum processes, in which the systems state represents a coherent superposition of microscopically distinct substates (CSMDS), must be considered as complex random processes consisting of alternative subprocesses. Only with a new approach to CSMDSs quantum theory admits a consistent statistical interpretation and becomes free from the paradoxes associated at present with CSMDSs.
A new quantum-mechanical model of the two-slit experiment is presented, in which the wave properties of a particle are compatible with its corpuscular ones. The model is based on the idea which also underlies our previous model of a one-dimensional completed scattering. Its essence is that quantum processes, in which the systems state represents a coherent superposition of microscopically distinct substates (CSMDS), must be considered as complex random processes consisting of alternative subprocesses. Only with a new approach to CSMDSs quantum theory admits a consistent statistical interpretation and becomes free from the paradoxes associated at present with CSMDSs.
We present a new approach to the quantum-classical problem, which treats it as the problem of modelling the quantum phenomenon described by a coherent superposition of microscopically distinct substates (CSMDS) as a compound one consisting of alternative subprocesses creating unremovable contexts for each other, or as that of reducing a non-Kolmogorovian quantum probability space to underlie a CSMDS to the sum of Kolmogorovian ones. We develop such models for a 1D completed scattering and double slit diffraction. The quantum-classical problem disappears when, in quantum theory with its integral superposition principle, CSMDSs obey the "either-or" rule to guide alternative random events. There is no observable which could be associated with the whole ensemble of statistical data described by a CSMDS, because such data are incompatible -- in the case of a CSMDS, any observable splits into noncommuting observables associated with the substates. To calculate the average value of any observable as well as to introduce characteristic times is meaningful only for the substates of a CSMDS. Ignoring this feature in the conventional description of CSMDSs just leads to paradoxical results (e.g., to the Hartman effect and passing a particle through two slits in the screen simultaneously).
The origin of nonlocality in quantum mechanics (QM) is analyzed from the viewpoint of our new model of a one-dimensional (1D) completed scattering. Our study of quantum nonlocality complements those carried out by Volovich and Khrennikov. They pointed to an unphysical character of nonlocality in Bell's theorem whose context does not contain the very structure of the space-time. However, there is another reason leading to nonlocality in QM. The existing model of a 1D completed scattering evidences that QM, as it stands, even with a proper space-time context, contradicts special relativity. By our model this scattering process represents an entanglement of two coherently evolved alternative sub-processes, transmission and reflection; whose characteristics are measured well after the scattering event. Quantum nonlocality appears in this problem due to the inconsistency of the superposition principle with the corpuscular properties of a particle. It can take part only in one of the sub-processes. However the superposition principle allows introducing observables common for them. In the fresh wording, this principle must forbid introducing observables for entangled states.
Is described experiment by Demin on the interference of small diameter metal balls. The experimental results can be interpreted with a certain probability as the occurrence of the interference pattern at the fall of the balls through the two slits. This interpretation rejects the interpretation of the superposition of quantum particles as their simultaneous presence in two states or in two points of space at the one and the same time. The superposition principle implies that on the double-slit experiment quantum particle passes through both slits simultaneously. Experiment with the balls within the validity shows that for the appearance of the interference pattern the superposition is not necessary, because impossible to assume that the ball passes through the two slits simultaneously. In addition, it is can be verified. Рассмотрен эксперимент Дёмина С.В. по наблюдению интерференции металлических шариков небольшого диаметра. Результаты эксперимента можно интерпретировать с определённой вероятностью как возникновение интерференционной картины при падении шариков через две щели. Такая интерпретация отвергает трактовку суперпозиции квантовых частиц как их одновременное нахождение в двух состояниях или в двух точках пространства одновременно. Принцип суперпозиции предполагает, что в двухщелевом эксперименте квантовая частица проходит через обе щели одновременно. Эксперимент с шариками в пределах достоверности показывает, что для появления интерференционной картины в физически реализующейся суперпозиции нет необходимости, поскольку невозможно предположить, что шарик проходит через две щели одновременно. К тому же это можно проверить.
In the introductory course of microworld physics and subsequently, in the introduction to quantum physics, students become acquainted with new, more abstract and less intuitive ideas about the microworld. As a result of a different view of measurement and the possibility of measuring physical quantities in the microworld, the definition of the state of the physical system changes. It differs from the definition of the state of the classical system. In classical state, it makes sense to ask about the value of any quantity. With this idea, the student enters the introductory course of quantum theory, where such a question may no longer make sense. In a particular quantum state, a quantum system may not have sharply defined values of all quantities. For a student with standard ideas, this fact can cause problems in understanding quantum theory. Correct classical ideas can thus become a source of incorrect ideas in quantum physics - misconceptions. In this paper, we address some such preconceptions arising from classical physics, which may be potential sources of misconceptions in quantum theory. We deal with the issue of wave-corpuscular dualism and superposition of states. In a sample of 56 students from university of technology in Slovakia, we used a test to determine the occurrence of preconceptions concerning the transition from classical physics to the physics of the microworld. The test consisted of 9 closed questions with the possibility of choosing the correct answer, created using a theoretical example of a double slit experiment. Based on the specific answers of students, we identified misconceptions initially rooted in the standard subject of physics. The students showed misconceptions concerning the different view between the classical and quantum wave, the issue of wave-corpuscular dualism and the principle of superposition. The revealing of these misconceptions and their analysis is beneficial in the future teaching process when the emphasis will be placed in those parts of quantum physics in which the given misconceptions occur and arise.