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Chinese Physics Letters

End-Output Coupling Efficiency Measurement of Silicon Wire Waveguides Based on Correlated Photon Pair Generation

Ning Lv, Wei Zhang, Yuan Guo, Qiang Zhou, Yidong Huang, Jiangde Peng

Published Jul 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A method to measure the end-output coupling efficiencies between silicon wire waveguides (SWWs) and optical fibers is proposed and demonstrated. The end-output coupling efficiency is calculated through four measured counting rates based on the correlated photon pair generation in the SWW. It provides a way to investigate and optimize the coupling processes at the input and output end of the optical waveguides separately.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/30/7/074205

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A method to measure the end-output coupling efficiencies between silicon wire waveguides (SWWs) and optical fibers is proposed and demonstrated. The end-output coupling efficiency is calculated through four measured counting rates based on the correlated photon pair generation in the SWW. It provides a way to investigate and optimize the coupling processes at the input and output end of the optical waveguides separately.
Correlated photon pairs at 1.5μm are generated in a silicon wire waveguide (SWW) with a length of only 1.6mm. Experimental results show that the single-side count rates on both sides increase quadratically with pump light, indicating that photons are generated from the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) processes. The quantum correlation property of the generated photons is demonstrated by the ratio between coincident and accidental coincident count rates. The highest ratio measured at room temperature is to be about 19, showing that generated photon pairs have strong quantum correlation property and low noise. What is more, the wavelength correlation property of the coincident count is also measured to demonstrate the correlated photon pair generation. The experimental results demonstrate that SWWs have great potential in on-chip integrated low-noise correlated photon pair sources at 1.5 μm.
We report the frequency and polarization characteristics of correlated photon pairs generated in a Si wire waveguide (SWW). We confirmed that the bandwidth for correlated photon-pair generation was at least >2.8 THz. Moreover, we carried out a classical four-wave mixing experiment using strong pump and idler lights to estimate the bandwidth for correlated photon-pair generation. The results indicated that it is possible to generate photon pairs over a bandwidth as large as ~12 THz. We also showed that the generation efficiencies of the signal and idler photons for the horizontal polarization mode were much higher than those for the vertical polarization mode. This is probably caused by the large efficiencies in the group indexes and the effective cross-sectional areas for the two polarization modes. Furthermore, the bandwidth for the correlated photon-pair generation in the vertical polarization mode was ~±1 THz, and this was much narrower than that for the horizontal polarization mode. The difference between the bandwidths of the two polarization modes indicates that the SWW dispersion for the vertical polarization mode is significantly larger than that for the horizontal polarization mode. We then confirmed that the noise photons generated by spontaneous Raman scattering in an SWW were suppressed to below the detection limit of our setup.
In this paper, correlated photon pairs at 1.55μm are generated in a silicon wire waveguidewith a length of 1.6 mm. The ratio between coincidence count rate and accidental coincidence count rate under room temperature is 19, showing the property of low Raman noise and strong quantum correlation. Moreover, the experiment shows that photon pair generation isstrongly dependent on pump polarization direction. Using quantum perturbation theory, we analyze the contribution of scalar and vectorspontaneous four-wave mixing processes to the generated photon pairs. Due tohigh nonlinear coefficient and high coupling efficiency, the generation rate in quasi-TE mode is much larger than that in quasi-TM mode.The combination of calculated photon pair generation rates through scalar and vector spontaneous four-wave mixing processes agrees well with the experimental result.
In this paper, correlated photon pairs at 1.55μm are generated in a silicon wire waveguidewith a length of 1.6 mm. The ratio between coincidence count rate and accidental coincidence count rate under room temperature is 19, showing the property of low Raman noise and strong quantum correlation. Moreover, the experiment shows that photon pair generation isstrongly dependent on pump polarization direction. Using quantum perturbation theory, we analyze the contribution of scalar and vectorspontaneous four-wave mixing processes to the generated photon pairs. Due tohigh nonlinear coefficient and high coupling efficiency, the generation rate in quasi-TE mode is much larger than that in quasi-TM mode. The combination of calculated photon pair generation rates through scalar and vector spontaneous four-wave mixing processes agrees well with the experimental result.
Entangled photon pair generation is an important technology for realizing quantum information systems. Among various entangled photon pair sources, a source based on spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a silicon wire waveguide (SWW) is now drawing attention. Thanks to the very large third-order nonlinearity in an SWW, we can realize highly efficient SFWM in a short ( ~ 1 cm) waveguide, which will possibly lead to an integrated entanglement source on a silicon chip. In this paper, we review recent progress on SWW-based entanglement sources. This study reviews the basic theory of SFWM, and then describes correlated and entangled photon generation experiments using SWWs and applications to quantum information experiments.
We observed high-purity correlated and entangled photon pairs generated through spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a silicon wire waveguide (SWW). Employing a nano-scale silicon waveguide with a low loss mode size converter, we obtained a high coincidence to accidental coincidence ratio (CAR) of around 200 that was larger than that of cooled dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) by a factor 3.2, and observed the two-photon interference fringe of time-bin entangled photons with > 95% visibility without subtracting the accidental coincidences.