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Chinese Physics Letters

Appropriate Gate Time for Single Molecular Photon Detection Based on Optimal Signal-to-Noise Ratio Analyses

董双丽, Tao Huang, 刘源, Wang Lin Jun, Liantuan Xiao, 贾锁堂

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations

Abstract

从由使用时间门技术的单个分子 isanalysed 的荧光察觉的 Signal-to-noise 比率。最佳的 signal-to-noise 比率由与某个光背景选择一适当的门时间装 beobtained，这被发现。适当的门 timeare 上的依赖 ofmolecular 荧光一生和最佳的 signal-to-noise 比率分别地及时与指数的分发与二种背景来源，有 uniformdistribution 的混乱状态和协调状态讨论了领域。为混乱 statebackground，我们结束那在适当的门时间的某个范围能与 definitefluorescence 一生被获得，更大的荧光一生将降低最佳的 signal-to-noiseratios 的价值。当单个分子的一生是时，为我们发现那的协调州的背景，也有适当 gatetime 的一个狭窄的范围不到背景光子的。

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从由使用时间门技术的单个分子 isanalysed 的荧光察觉的 Signal-to-noise 比率。最佳的 signal-to-noise 比率由与某个光背景选择一适当的门时间装 beobtained，这被发现。适当的门 timeare 上的依赖 ofmolecular 荧光一生和最佳的 signal-to-noise 比率分别地及时与指数的分发与二种背景来源，有 uniformdistribution 的混乱状态和协调状态讨论了领域。为混乱 statebackground，我们结束那在适当的门时间的某个范围能与 definitefluorescence 一生被获得，更大的荧光一生将降低最佳的 signal-to-noiseratios 的价值。当单个分子的一生是时，为我们发现那的协调州的背景，也有适当 gatetime 的一个狭窄的范围不到背景光子的。

Signal-to-noise ratio of fluorescence detection from a single molecule is analysed by using time-gated techniques. It is found that the optimal signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained by choosing an appropriate gate time with a certain optical background. The dependences of molecular fluorescence lifetime and the optimal signal-to-noise ratio on the appropriate gate time are respectively discussed with two kinds of background sources, chaotic state with uniform distribution and coherent state with exponential distribution in time domain. For chaotic state background we find that a certain range for appropriate gate time can be obtained with a definite fluorescence lifetime, larger fluorescence lifetime would lower the value of optimal signal-to-noise ratios. For coherent state background we find that there is also a narrow range of appropriate gate time when lifetime of single molecule is less than that of background photons.

This paper presents the theoretical research on the synchronization sample gate time determination considering the optimal signal-to-noise(SNR) via differentsignal-to-background(SBR) where the background shows time-uniformity distribution or time-exponential distribution.Based on Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) method,the photon statistics P(n,n=0、1、2) are analyzed by recording of every incident from the single photon source.When P(1)2P(2)-3P(2),an efficient method to determine the SBR of triggered single photons source,which shows SBR=2/2P(2),is carried out.Additionally,we have obtained an efficient method to distinguish single molecular by the double-photon statistics probability P(2),which shows P(2)(2-4-2An-G)2/2,when SBR2.4.

We report a method of high-sensitively detecting the weak signal in photoassociation (PA) spectra of ultracold NaCs molecules by phase sensitive-demodulated trap-loss spectra of Na atoms from a photomultiplier tube. We find that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the PA spectra is strongly dependent on the integration time and the sensitivity of the lock-in amplifier, and our results show reasonable agreement with the theoretical analyses of the SNR with the demodulation parameters. Meanwhile, we investigate the effect of the interaction time of the PA laser with the colliding Na–Cs atom pairs on the SNR of the PA spectra. The atom loss rate is dependent on both the PA-induced atom loss and the loading of the MOT. The high-sensitive detection of the excited ultracold NaCs molecules lays a solid foundation for further study of the formation and application of ultracold NaCs molecules.