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Journal of Physics Conference Series

New possibilities of photon echo: determination of ground and excited states g-factors applying a weak magnetic field pulse

V. N. Lisin, Шегеда Анатолий Михайлович, В. В. Самарцев

Published May 7, 2015• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have measured the magnetic parameters of a paramagnetic ion in the ground and excited states by controlling the relative phases of excited dipoles with pulse of a weak magnetic field. Er 3+ in two crystals LuLiF 4 and YLiF 4 has been used as a paramagnetic ion. The second matrix was used for control. Optical transition is 4 I 15/2 → 4F 9/2 .

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/613/1/012013

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A new scheme of the definition of g-factors as ground and excited optical states of a paramagnetic ion in zero external constant magnetic field has been proposed and experimentally realized in optical systems in which the Zeeman effect is manifested. A pulse of a weak magnetic field leads to the occurrence of relative phase shifts of the excited dipoles and, as a consequence, to modulation of a photon echo wave form if the magnetic pulse overlaps in time with the echo pulse. The modulation periods of the wave form depend on polarization of the laser light which excites the photon echo. The values of these periods for σ - and π -laser light polarization have been measured and then the g-factors of the ground 4 I 15/2 and excited 4 F 9/2 states of the Er 3+ ion in the LuLiF 4 and the YLiF 4 matrices have been determined. The g-factor values have been compared with the known literary data.

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We report the first observation and study of the photon echo in Er3+:LuLiF4. The energy transition is 4 I 15/2 → 4 F 9/2 (λ = 6536 Å). The density of ErF3 is 0.025 wt %. The operation temperature is 1.9 K. Measurements were made at low (up to 1200 Oe) and even zero external magnetic fields. We studied the behavior of the photon echo intensity vs. the magnetic field magnitude and direction about the crystal axis C and vs. the laser pulse separation t 12 and observed an exponential growth and then, after a certain plateau, an exponential decrease in the photon echo intensity as a function of magnetic field upon increasing the magnetic field from zero. The parameters describing the exponential growth and decrease are independent of the direction of magnetic field. The value of the magnetic field (∼20–200 Oe) at which the echo intensity is maximal and the value of the maximum itself decrease with increasing pulse separation t 12 and the angle Θ between the magnetic field and crystal axis. The echo intensity decreases exponentially with increasing Θ. The parameter describing the exponential decrease is independent of the magnitude of the field. The echo intensity as a function of pulse separation shows exponential decay. The phase relaxation time depends on the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field. T 2 is equal to 202 ± 16 ns at zero magnetic field. A phenomenological formula is suggested, which qualitatively presents the mentioned dependences, and the polarization properties of the backward photon echo in this crystal are studied. Because the ion of trivalent erbium is an optimum data carrier, the above results show that fine control of the multichannel transfer of processed optical information may be achieved by weak magnetic fields.

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Оптическая эхо-спектроскопия высококонцентрированного кристалла YAG:Tm3+

Каримуллин Камиль Равкатович, В. А. Зуйков, Калачёв Алексей Алексеевич +1 more

Two-pulse, stimulated and accumulated photon echoes are investigated for the first time in a highly doped crystal Tm:YAG containing 10 at.% Tm3+. The decay curves of the two-pulse and stimulated photon echoes generated at 793,15 nm on the transition 3H6(1)-3H4(1) of the impurity ions are measured in the absence of an applied magnetic field. Parameters describing the energy and phase relaxation are determined. The dependence of the accumulated photon echo intensity on the number of excitation pulse pairs is investigated.

Ученые записки Казанского университета. Серия Физико-математические науки•Jan 1, 2009•0 citations
We have measured the magnetic parameters of a paramagnetic ion in the ground and excited states by controlling the relative phases of excited dipoles with pulse of a weak magnetic field. Er 3+ in two crystals LuLiF 4 and YLiF 4 has been used as a paramagnetic ion. The second matrix was used for control. Optical transition is 4 I 15/2 → 4F 9/2 .
A new scheme of the definition of g-factors as ground and excited optical states of a paramagnetic ion in zero external constant magnetic field has been proposed and experimentally realized in optical systems in which the Zeeman effect is manifested. A pulse of a weak magnetic field leads to the occurrence of relative phase shifts of the excited dipoles and, as a consequence, to modulation of a photon echo wave form if the magnetic pulse overlaps in time with the echo pulse. The modulation periods of the wave form depend on polarization of the laser light which excites the photon echo. The values of these periods for σ - and π -laser light polarization have been measured and then the g-factors of the ground 4 I 15/2 and excited 4 F 9/2 states of the Er 3+ ion in the LuLiF 4 and the YLiF 4 matrices have been determined. The g-factor values have been compared with the known literary data.
A spectroscopy method has been proposed involving a change in the time shape of the echo signal in the presence of a perturbation, which splits the frequencies of the transitions of two or more ion subgroups of the echo-active ions. This method has been applied to optical systems in which the Zeeman effect is manifested. The ion transition frequencies of ions are switched by a weak pulsed magnetic field acting during the time of the radiation of the photon echo pulse. The modulation of the photon echo signal shape was observed in LuLiF4:Er3+ and YLiF4:Er3+. The time interval between the two nearest minima corresponds to the accumulated phase of the electric dipole moment π and makes it possible to determine the difference of the g factors of the ground and excited 4 F 9/2(I) states of the Er3+ ion in the LuLiF4 the YLiF4 matrices for the known amplitude of the pulsed magnetic field. It has been shown that the echo response of the system can be programmed by the weak magnetic field pulses.
A method of high-resolution time-resolved optical spectroscopy using oscillations of the photon echo intensity in the presence of a perturbation, which splits the optical frequencies of the transitions of two or more ion subgroups, has been proposed and demonstrated. This method has been applied to systems in which the Zee-man effect is manifested. The transition frequencies of ions are switched by a pulsed magnetic field. Oscillations of the photon echo intensity were observed in LiLuF4:Er3+ and LiYF4:Er3+. The first minimum corresponding to the accumulated phase of the electric dipole moment π/2 is reached in the pulsed magnetic field with an amplitude of ∼2 G at a duration of 30 ns. The Zeeman splitting in this field is ∼10 MHz, which is much less than the laser spectral width (0.15 Å ∼ 9 GHz). The g factor of the 4 F 9/2(I) excited state of the Er3+ ion in the LiLuF4 matrix has been determined in zero magnetic field. The comparison with the g-factor value found from the measurement of the absorption spectrum in a magnetic field of 8 kG has been performed.
A relative phase shift between the different groups of excited dipoles, which appears as result of its frequency splitting due to action of a pulse of electric or magnetic fields, depends on a time, if the pulse overlaps in time with echo-pulse. As а consequence, the echo waveform is changed. The echo time form is modulated. The inverse modulation period well enough approximates Zeeman and pseudo-Stark splitting in the cases of magnetic and, therefore, electrical fields. Thus the g-factors of ground 4I15/2 and excited 4F9/2 optical states of Er3+ ion in LuLiF4 and YLiF4 have been measured and pseudo-Stark shift of R1 line in ruby has been determined.
We report the first observation and study of the photon echo in Er3+:LuLiF4. The energy transition is 4 I 15/2 → 4 F 9/2 (λ = 6536 Å). The density of ErF3 is 0.025 wt %. The operation temperature is 1.9 K. Measurements were made at low (up to 1200 Oe) and even zero external magnetic fields. We studied the behavior of the photon echo intensity vs. the magnetic field magnitude and direction about the crystal axis C and vs. the laser pulse separation t 12 and observed an exponential growth and then, after a certain plateau, an exponential decrease in the photon echo intensity as a function of magnetic field upon increasing the magnetic field from zero. The parameters describing the exponential growth and decrease are independent of the direction of magnetic field. The value of the magnetic field (∼20–200 Oe) at which the echo intensity is maximal and the value of the maximum itself decrease with increasing pulse separation t 12 and the angle Θ between the magnetic field and crystal axis. The echo intensity decreases exponentially with increasing Θ. The parameter describing the exponential decrease is independent of the magnitude of the field. The echo intensity as a function of pulse separation shows exponential decay. The phase relaxation time depends on the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field. T 2 is equal to 202 ± 16 ns at zero magnetic field. A phenomenological formula is suggested, which qualitatively presents the mentioned dependences, and the polarization properties of the backward photon echo in this crystal are studied. Because the ion of trivalent erbium is an optimum data carrier, the above results show that fine control of the multichannel transfer of processed optical information may be achieved by weak magnetic fields.
Two-pulse, stimulated and accumulated photon echoes are investigated for the first time in a highly doped crystal Tm:YAG containing 10 at.% Tm3+. The decay curves of the two-pulse and stimulated photon echoes generated at 793,15 nm on the transition 3H6(1)-3H4(1) of the impurity ions are measured in the absence of an applied magnetic field. Parameters describing the energy and phase relaxation are determined. The dependence of the accumulated photon echo intensity on the number of excitation pulse pairs is investigated.