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La lettre du Collège de France

2012 Nobel Prize in Physics: Serge Haroche

J. M. Raimond, M. Brune

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

When Thought Experiments Become RealThe world is made of atoms which emit, absorb and scatter light, the crucial vehicle of the information we receive from our environment. At the beginning of the last century, quantum theory revealed the strange laws which govern matter and radiation on a microscopic scale, in a counter-intuitive world where notions of wave and particle are intimately intertwined.Light is both a continuous wave and a set of discrete photons! This “strange” physics is founde...

DOI
10.4000/lettre-cdf.2591

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When Thought Experiments Become RealThe world is made of atoms which emit, absorb and scatter light, the crucial vehicle of the information we receive from our environment. At the beginning of the last century, quantum theory revealed the strange laws which govern matter and radiation on a microscopic scale, in a counter-intuitive world where notions of wave and particle are intimately intertwined.Light is both a continuous wave and a set of discrete photons! This “strange” physics is founde...
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Quand les expériences de pensée deviennent réellesLe monde est fait d’atomes qui émettent, absorbent et diffusent la lumière, véhicule essentiel de l’information que nous recevons de notre environnement.La théorie quantique a dévoilé, au début du siècle dernier, les lois étranges auxquelles obéissent à l’échelle microscopique la matière et le rayonnement, dans un monde contre-intuitif où les notions d’onde et de particule se mêlent intimement. La lumière est à la fois une onde continue et un...
At the turn of the 20th century, Max Planck and Albert Einstein introduced the quantum theory which revolutionized our understanding of the nature of energy, in particular the nature of light energy. According to Planck, energy is absorbed or emitted from hot objects in tiny discrete bundles called quanta, and each quantum carries a precise quantity of energy which is related to the frequency of light wave. Einstein generalized Planck’s quantum theory. Einstein’s quantum theory removed a grating asymmetry in nature, between energy and matter. Louis DeBroglie said proposed that if light waves behave as particles, electrons, normally thought of as particles, ought to reciprocally behave as waves. DeBroglie provided a crucial missing piece in the quantum puzzle of discrete Bohr orbitals. Erwin Schroedinger seized DeBroglie’s brain wave. He developed a “wave mechanics” to describe the quantum world. For Schroedinger, particles are just an “illusion” of many waves; he turned waves into particles.
From the infinitely small to the infinitely big, covering over 60 spatial orders of magnitude, quantum theory is used as much to describe the still largely mysterious vibrations of the microscopic strings that could be the basic constituents of the Universe, as to explain the fluctuations of the microwave radiation reaching us from the depths of outer space. Serge Haroche tells us about the scientific theory that revolutionised our understanding of nature and made an extraordinary contribution to our means of acting on and gaining information about the world.